NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English Poorvi Unit 2 Chapter 1 A Tale of Valour Major Somnath Sharma

Page 49

Let us do these activities before we read.
I Work in pairs. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher.
1. What do you think about the Republic Day Parade on 26 January?
See AnswerI think the Republic Day Parade on 26 January is very grand and full of pride. It shows the strength of our army, air force, and navy. It also reminds us of our freedom and how our Constitution came into force. I feel very happy and patriotic while watching it.

2. What are the highlights of this parade?
See AnswerThe highlights of the parade are the marching of the soldiers, colourful tableaus of different states, cultural dances and the display of weapons, tanks and missiles. The air show by the Indian Air Force is also very exciting.

3. What bravery awards are given on this day and who receives them?
See AnswerOn this day, bravery awards like Param Vir Chakra, Ashok Chakra and Vir Chakra are given. They are received by soldiers and also by children who show special acts of bravery. These awards are given by the President of India.

II Work in groups of four and discuss.
1. What qualities do you think a soldier should have?
See AnswerA soldier should have courage, discipline and honesty. He must be strong in body and mind. He should be ready to sacrifice his life for the country. A soldier must also be alert, loyal and helpful to his team.

2. If you had to share a message with a soldier, what would it be?
See AnswerMy message would be: “Dear Soldier, thank you for protecting us day and night. Because of your bravery, we can live safely with our families. You are our real heroes. We salute you with respect”.

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Let us discuss

I. Arrange the following events in chronological order. The first and the last events have been marked for you. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher.
1. Major Somnath Sharma was born in 1923 in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. (1)
2. Even after losing Major Somnath Sharma, the soldiers fought bravely to save Srinagar for India.
3. The D Company, under the command of Major Somnath Sharma, was flown into Srinagar.
4. Major Somnath Sharma underwent training at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.
5. Major Somnath Sharma requested air strikes to combat the enemy at Badgam.
6. Major Somnath Sharma was commissioned into the 19th Hyderabad Regiment in 1942.
7. Major Somnath Sharma was killed immediately after a mortar shell hit him.
8. Major Somnath Sharma was the first recipient of the Param Vir Chakra. (8)
See Answer1. Major Somnath Sharma was born in 1923 in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh.
4. Major Somnath Sharma underwent training at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.
6. Major Somnath Sharma was commissioned into the 19th Hyderabad Regiment in 1942.
3. The D Company, under the command of Major Somnath Sharma, was flown into Srinagar.
5. Major Somnath Sharma requested air strikes to combat the enemy at Badgam.
7. Major Somnath Sharma was killed immediately after a mortar shell hit him.
2. Even after losing Major Somnath Sharma, the soldiers fought bravely to save Srinagar for India.
8. Major Somnath Sharma was the first recipient of the Param Vir Chakra.

Page 59

Let us think and reflect

I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow.
1. Vastly outnumbered and facing devastating fire, Major Somnath Sharma and his men stood resolute. The air was thick with the sound of gunfire and the cries of battle, but Major Somnath Sharma’s voice cut through the chaos, urging his men to fight with tenacity and valour.
Despite heavy casualties and his own injuries, Major Somnath Sharma displayed unparalleled bravery. He moved fearlessly through the battlefield, directing fire, filling magazines for his gunners, and encouraging his men to hold their ground.
(i) What can be inferred about the conditions from the line: ‘The air was thick with gunfire…’
A. The gunshots had stopped for a while.
B. There was intense fighting on the battlefield.
C. The invaders were retreating from the fight.
D. The Indian soldiers had achieved victory.
See AnswerB. There was intense fighting on the battlefield.
Because this line shows the battlefield was extremely dangerous with constant shooting. It tells us Major Sharma and his soldiers were fighting hard against many enemies in a very tough situation full of noise and confusion from all the fighting.

(ii) Complete the sentence with a suitable reason.
Despite heavy casualties, Major Somnath Sharma continued to lead his men because ______.
See AnswerDespite heavy casualties, Major Somnath Sharma continued to lead his men because he knew his bravery would keep his soldiers fighting. Even when hurt, he wanted to protect his country and help his team stay strong against the enemy.

(iii) Select the correct option for both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) given below:
(A): Major Somnath Sharma moved fearlessly through the battlefield, even though he was injured.
(R): He believed his courage was important to motivate the soldiers.
A. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
See AnswerA. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Because his brave actions while injured (A) directly encouraged his soldiers (R) to keep fighting. His personal example gave them strength during the difficult battle.

(iv) Fill in the blank with the correct word from those given in the brackets:
Major Somnath Sharma was filling magazines, and encouraging his men to hold their ground despite ______ (injuries/worry)
See AnswerMajor Somnath Sharma was filling magazines, and encouraging his men to hold their ground despite injuries.

2. Born on 31 January 1923, in the picturesque town of Dadh in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, Somnath Sharma belonged to a family with a rich military legacy. His father, Major General Amar Nath Sharma, had served the nation with distinction, and young Somnath was deeply inspired by the valorous tales of the Mahabharata, imparted to him by his grandfather.
(i) What can be inferred about Somnath Sharma’s early influences on his career?
A. He was primarily influenced by his father’s achievements in the military.
B. His inspiration came solely from the tales of the Mahabharata.
C. His family and heritage inspired his bravery and sense of duty.
D. He decided to join the military out of necessity rather than passion.
See Answer(A) He was primarily influenced by his father’s achievements in the military.

(ii) Identify whether the following statement is true or false:
Somnath Sharma belonged to a wealthy family.
See AnswerTrue. Because his father was a respected army officer and they lived in a beautiful town.

(iii) What does the phrase ‘served the nation with distinction’ tell us about Major General Amar Nath Sharma?
See AnswerIt means “He performed his duties with exceptional dedication, honour and excellence”.

(iv) Replace the underlined phrase with a word from the extract that has a similar meaning.
My family and I visited a popular hill station and stayed in an old but visually charming house surrounded by trees.
See AnswerPicturesque

II Answer the following questions.
1. Major Somnath’s legacy of courage and devotion to the nation remains forever alive, forever alive…’What is the significance of the repetition in this line?
See AnswerThe repetition emphasizes that Major Somnath’s bravery and sacrifice will never be forgotten. It shows his legacy continues to inspire generations, reminding us that true heroism lives on forever in the nation’s memory through stories, memorials and patriotic celebrations that honor such sacrifices.

2. Why do you think Major Somnath’s leadership was critical during the Battle of Badgam?
See AnswerMajor Somnath’s leadership was critical because he motivated his outnumbered troops to resist 500 enemies for six hours despite injuries. His fearless commands and personal example of filling magazines with a broken hand gave soldiers the courage to delay the enemy until reinforcements arrived, saving Srinagar.

3. What were Major Somnath’s last words? What do they reflect about his sense of duty?
See AnswerHis last words were “I shall not withdraw an inch but will fight to the last man and last round”. This reflects his absolute commitment to duty, willingness to sacrifice his life and determination to protect India’s borders at any cost without retreating from responsibility.

4. What might have been the outcome of the Battle of Badgam if Major Somnath and his company had not held their ground?
See AnswerWithout their resistance, the enemy would have captured Srinagar airport and valley quickly. This could have allowed Pakistan to control strategic routes, cut off supplies to Indian troops and possibly annex Kashmir, changing the map of newly independent India permanently.

5. Why do you think Major Somnath’s story continues to inspire soldiers and civilians today?
See AnswerHis story inspires because it shows ordinary people can display extraordinary courage for their country. The selfless way he prioritized duty over personal safety and his young age make him a timeless role model for patriotism and leadership during challenges.

6. How can the values demonstrated by Major Somnath Sharma—courage, duty and self-sacrifice—be applied in our daily lives?
See AnswerWe can apply these values by standing firm against wrong doings (courage), completing responsibilities diligently (duty) and helping others without expecting rewards (sacrifice). Like Major Sharma, we must honor commitments, protect what matters and contribute to society selflessly in our capacities as students, professionals or citizens.

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Let us learn

I. Match the expression from the text in Column 1 with the most suitable situations given in Column 2.

Answer:

Now, Complete the following sentences using the expressions from Column 1.
A. The detective managed to ______________ by finding the hidden evidence before the culprit could get rid of it.
See AnswerThe detective managed to foil the plan by finding the hidden evidence before the culprit could get rid of it.

B. The company’s new advertising campaign was meant to ______________ to their competitors’ sales.
See AnswerThe company’s new advertising campaign was meant to deliver a blow to their competitors’ sales.

C. The hikers chose to ______________ despite the heavy rain, refusing to turn back on their journey.
See AnswerThe hikers chose to hold their ground despite the heavy rain, refusing to turn back on their journey.

D. Despite being heavily outnumbered, the soldiers vowed to defend their homeland and ______________, refusing to surrender to the enemy forces.
See AnswerDespite being heavily outnumbered, the soldiers vowed to defend their homeland and fight to the last man, refusing to surrender to the enemy forces.

II. Read the highlighted words in the following sentence from the text.
“A contingent” of troops posted to Jammu and Kashmir was air-lifted into Srinagar…
There are many such collective nouns used in the context of armed forces.
Match the collective nouns in Column 1 to their meanings in Column 2.
You may refer to a dictionary.

Answer:

Now, fill in the blanks suitably with words from Column 1 in the table.
A. The commanding officer addressed the entire ________ of soldiers during the morning assembly.
See AnswerThe commanding officer addressed the entire regiment of soldiers during the morning assembly.

B. The admiral ordered the entire ________ to set sail for battle.
See AnswerThe admiral ordered the entire fleet to set sail for battle.

C. The ________ of infantry advanced slowly through the dense forest.
See AnswerThe battalion of infantry advanced slowly through the dense forest.

D. A ________ of fighter jets was sent to intercept the enemy planes.
See AnswerA squadron of fighter jets was sent to intercept the enemy planes.

III. Read the following words from the text and fill in the blanks with the correct words by taking clues from the meanings given below in the box.
overwhelm overthrow overrun
Meanings:
1. To take and seize control: ____________
2. To invade or occupy an area in large numbers: ____________
3. To flood or overpower someone or something emotionally: ____________
See Answer1. To take and seize control overthrow.
2. To invade or occupy an area in large numbers: overrun.
3. To flood or overpower someone or something emotionally: overwhelm.

Now, create a list of at least five other verbs that begin with ‘over’ and frame sentences of your own.
See AnswerFive other verbs with ‘over’ and example sentences:
1. Overcome – She worked hard to overcome her fear of public speaking.
2. Oversee – The manager will oversee the new project to ensure quality.
3. Overload – Do not overload the washing machine with too many clothes.
4. Overestimate – Never overestimate your opponent’s weakness.
5. Overrule – The judge decided to overrule the objection.

IV. In the following pairs of words, ‘c’ is used for nouns, while ‘s’ is used for verbs.
• Advice (noun) and advise (verb)
• Practice (noun) and practise (verb)
• Device (noun) and devise (verb)
• Council (noun) and counsel (verb)
Now, fill in the blanks correctly with the words given in the brackets.
1. The teacher’s (i) ____________ is always helpful, and she continues to (ii) ____________ students on their career choices. (advice/advise)
See Answer1. The teacher’s (i) advice is always helpful, and she continues to (ii) advise students on their career choices. (advice/advise)

2. The musician believes that daily (i) ____________ helps a lot, so she is always ready to (ii) ____________ her harmonium lessons. (practice/practise)
See Answer2. The musician believes that daily (i) practice helps a lot, so she is always ready to (ii) practise her harmonium lessons. (practice/practise)

3. The scientist uses a strange (i) ____________ for experiments and plans to (ii) ____________ new methods for his analysis. (device/devise)
See Answer3. The scientist uses a strange (i) device for experiments and plans to (ii) devise new methods for his analysis. (device/devise)

4. The village (i) ____________ met to discuss issues and decided to (ii) ____________ the villagers on important matters. (council/counsel)
See Answer4. The village (i) council met to discuss issues and decided to (ii) counsel the villagers on important matters. (council/counsel).

V. Read the highlighted words in the following sentences from the text.
• …ended with echoes of courage that serve as an inspiration…
• A contingent of troops posted to Jammu and Kashmir was airlifted into Srinagar…
• D company with 90 soldiers was the last and they were expected to return by 2:00 p.m.
• The life and sacrifice of Major Somnath Sharma embody the highest ideals of duty, honour and patriotism.
The highlighted words are either singular verbs or plural verbs. They are in agreement with the subject of the sentence. This is called Subject-Verb Agreement.
Now, fill in the blanks for the following sentences by choosing the correct verb given within brackets.
1. The bouquet of flowers __________ (is/are) beautiful.
2. Neither the teacher nor the students __________ (was/were) aware of the change in the schedule.
3. Each of the participants __________ (has/have) submitted their projects on time.
4. The data collected by the researchers __________ (shows/show) significant trends.
5. One of the players __________ (was/were) injured during the match.
6. Either the children or their guardian __________ (has/have) to attend the meeting.
7. A pair of shoes __________ (is/are) missing from the rack.
8. Neither of the statements __________ (is/are) true.
9.The members of the jury __________ (has deliver/have delivered) their verdict to the court.
10. Mathematics __________ (is/are) an interesting subject for many students.
See Answer1. The bouquet of flowers is beautiful.
2. Neither the teacher nor the students were aware of the change in the schedule.
3. Each of the participants has submitted their projects on time.
4. The data collected by the researchers shows significant trends.
5. One of the players was injured during the match.
6. Either the children or their guardian has to attend the meeting.
7. A pair of shoes is missing from the rack.
8. Neither of the statements is true.
9. The members of the jury have delivered their verdict to the court.
10. Mathematics is an interesting subject for many students.

VI. Read the following passage and correct the incorrect usage of verbs. One example has been done for you.
A battalion of soldiers stand at attention as the National flag are raised.
A battalion of soldiers “stands” at attention as the National flag “is” raised.
Each soldier salute with pride while the commander and his assistants inspects the parade. The sound of marching feet echo through the air as a group of cadets prepare for their drill. Meanwhile, a convoy of military vehicles pass by, drawing cheers from the gathered crowd.
See AnswerEach soldier “salutes” with pride while the commander and his assistants “inspect” the parade. The sound of marching feet “echoes” through the air as a group of cadets “prepares” for their drill. Meanwhile, a convoy of military vehicles “passes” by, drawing cheers from the gathered crowd.

Page 66

Let us listen

I. You will listen to a talk about the Param Vir Chakra. As you listen, complete the sentences by filling in the blanks with one or two exact words or phrases you hear. (Transcript for teacher on page 98).
1. The Param Vir Chakra signifies the ‘Wheel of the Ultimate __________’.
2. The Param Vir Chakra is awarded to someone who shows exemplary bravery while fighting with the __________.
3. The Param Vir Chakra was introduced as a Gallantry Medal in 1947 by the __________.
4. The design of the Param Vir Chakra is inspired by Sage Dadhichi, who was a ____________.
5. The state emblem in the centre of the Param Vir Chakra is surrounded by the Vajra and ____________.
See Answer1. The Param Vir Chakra signifies the ‘Wheel of the Ultimate Brave’.
2. The Param Vir Chakra is awarded to someone who shows exemplary bravery while fighting with the enemy.
3. The Param Vir Chakra was introduced as a Gallantry Medal in 1947 by the Government of India.
4. The design of the Param Vir Chakra is inspired by Sage Dadhichi, who was a selfless sacrificer.
5. The state emblem in the centre of the Param Vir Chakra is surrounded by the Vajra and Indra’s weapon.

Page 66

Let us speak

I As the citizens of a nation, we all must fulfil our duty. In groups of 4–5, speak about how you propose to serve your nation.
You can choose from the themes given below:
• Saving the environment
• Health and well-being
• Helping others
• Righteous conduct
You may use the sentence prompts given below to organise what you speak about.
• I believe one of the best ways to serve the nation is by…
• A small change we can make is… and it will have a big impact because…
• If everyone contributes by… it can lead to…
• One of the biggest challenges we face is… and I propose we address it by…
• We can make a difference by working together as a team, if we…
• Serving the nation is not just about big actions; even small efforts like…matter.
See AnswerSaving the Environment
I believe one of the best ways to serve the nation is by saving the environment.
A small change we can make is planting trees and avoiding plastic and it will have a big impact because it will keep our air and water clean.
If everyone contributes by using less electricity, saving water and keeping our surroundings clean, it can lead to a healthy and green India.
One of the biggest challenges we face is pollution, and I propose we address it by spreading awareness and following eco-friendly habits every day.

Page 67

Let us write

I. A letter of enquiry is a formal written to seek detailed information about something the writer wants to know. For example, it can be used for joining a course, organising an event, knowing details about trip, etc. The language used is formal and specific, with relevant queries.
Now, write a letter of enquiry. Your school wishes to organise a visit to a Memorial in your state/region. Write the letter to the incharge of that memorial requesting for information regarding available dates for visits, the duration of the tour, any entry fees and guidance for student groups.
• Follow the given layout.
• Use the cues given below to draft the letter.
See Answer(Anant Tiwari
B2 / 124, Canaught Palace,
New Delhi 110001)
September 14, 2025)
National War memorial,
New Delhi 110001
The Incharge
Subject: Enquiry about a School Visit to a Memorial
Dear Sir,
I am writing on behalf of Tiwari Academy Vidhalya to enquire about the possibility of organising an educational visit for our students to National War Memorial. We believe this visit will provide our students with a deeper understanding of fighting for the Nation.
Could you please provide the following details to help us plan the visit:
1. Available dates for student group visits in the upcoming month.
2. Duration of the tour and any guided facilities provided.
3. Entry fees, if applicable, for students and teachers.
4. Guidelines or restrictions for student groups (e.g., group size, dress code, photography rules).
I would also be grateful to get further details on any additional information regarding preparatory materials.
Lastly, could you clarify if activities that could enhance the educational value of the visit.
Your prompt assistance will greatly help us in making this trip a meaningful experience for our students.
Thank you for your time and cooperation. We look forward to your guidance and support.
Yours sincerely,
Anant Tiwari
Tiwari Academy Vidhalya

Class 8 English Poorvi Unit 2 Chapter 1 English to Hindi Translation

Hindi Translationयह वीर मेजर सोमनाथ शर्मा, भारत के पहले परमवीर चक्र सम्मानित, को एक श्रद्धांजलि है, जिनका नाम इतिहास के पन्नों में अंकित है। उनकी बहादुरी और बलिदान पीढ़ियों के लिए एक प्रेरणा के प्रकाशस्तंभ के रूप में खड़े हैं।
This is a tribute to the valiant Major Somnath Sharma, India’s first recipient of the Param Vir Chakra, whose name is etched in the annals of history. His bravery and sacrifice stand as a beacon of inspiration for generations.

Hindi Translationराष्ट्रभक्ति के हर संगम पर—चाहे वह राष्ट्रीय समर स्मारक के माध्यम से हो, आत्मा को झकझोर देने वाले देशभक्ति गीत, वीरता की कहानियों को कहते पुस्तकें और किस्से, या फिर आज़ादी का अमृत महोत्सव का उत्सव—उनकी स्मृति का सम्मान किया जाता है।
At every intersection of patriotism—whether through the National War Memorial, soul stirring patriotic songs, books, and stories recounting acts of valour, or the celebrations of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav— his memory is honoured.

Hindi Translationमेजर सोमनाथ शर्मा की साहस और देश के प्रति समर्पण की विरासत सदैव अमर रहेगी, सदैव अमर रहेगी… हमें हमारी आज़ादी के लिए चुकाई गई उस अंतिम कीमत की याद दिलाती रहेगी।
Major Somnath Sharma’s legacy of courage and devotion to the nation remains forever alive, forever alive… reminding us of the ultimate price paid for our freedom.

Hindi Translationमहान हिमालय की परछाइयों में बसी कश्मीर की शांत घाटी ने भारतीय सीमाओं की अखंडता की रक्षा के लिए असाधारण वीरता और बलिदान की एक गाथा देखी।
The serene Kashmir valley in the shadows of the majestic Himalayas witnessed a tale of extraordinary heroism and sacrifice to protect the integrity of Indian borders.

Hindi Translationदिन की शुरुआत एक ठंडी नवंबर की भोर की खामोशी से हुई, लेकिन इसका अंत साहस की उस गूंज के साथ हुआ जो आने वाली पीढ़ियों के लिए एक प्रेरणा बन गई।
The day began with the silence of a cold November dawn but ended with echoes of courage that served as an inspiration for generations to come.

Hindi Translationयह मेजर सोमनाथ शर्मा और उनके नेतृत्व में उन बहादुर सैनिकों की कहानी है, जो श्रीनगर हवाई अड्डे को पाकिस्तान द्वारा प्रशिक्षित और समर्थित एक गुरिल्ला बल के हाथों में जाने से बचाने के एक मिशन पर निकले थे।
This is the story of Major Somnath Sharma and the brave men that he led on a mission to protect the Srinagar airport from falling into the hands of a guerrilla force trained and
backed by Pakistan.

Hindi Translationयह उन 90 जवानों की कहानी है, जिन्होंने लगभग 500 घुसपैठियों की उस योजना को विफल कर दिया, जो श्रीनगर और कश्मीर घाटी पर कब्जा करना चाहते थे और नव-स्वतंत्र भारत को एक करारा झटका देना चाहते थे।
This is a story of how 90 men managed to foil the plan of some 500 infiltrators who wanted to capture Srinagar and the Kashmir Valley and deliver a blow to newly-independent India.

Hindi Translationबड़गाम के युद्ध की घटनाओं की शुरुआत अगस्त 1947 में हुई, जब पाकिस्तान ने कश्मीर घाटी पर कब्जा करने के लिए ऑपरेशन गुलमर्ग शुरू किया।
The events that led to the Battle of Badgam started in August 1947, when Pakistan launched Operation Gulmarg to annex the Kashmir Valley.

Hindi Translationयह जम्मू-कश्मीर के महाराजा हरी सिंह के साथ एक मौजूदा समझौते का उल्लंघन था, जिन्होंने पाकिस्तान से राज्य पर हमला न करने की प्रतिबद्धता जताई थी।
This was in violation of an existing agreement with Hari Singh, the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, who had committed Pakistan not to attack the state.

Hindi Translationहालाँकि, प्रतिबद्धता का सम्मान करने के बजाय, पाकिस्तानी सेना ने लगभग 1000 आक्रमणकारियों को प्रशिक्षित और सुसज्जित किया, जिन्हें पहाड़ी दर्रों और स्थानीय इलाके का गहन ज्ञान था, ताकि वे कश्मीर में प्रवेश कर सकें और श्रीनगर हवाई अड्डे सहित रणनीतिक स्थानों पर नियंत्रण कर सकें।
However, instead of honouring the commitment, the Pakistani Army trained and equipped around 1000 invaders who possessed deep knowledge of mountain passes and the local terrain to enter Kashmir and take control of strategic locations, including the Srinagar airport.

Hindi Translationउनकी योजना का अंतिम लक्ष्य कश्मीर में एक विद्रोह को अंजाम देना, सरकार को उखाड़ फेंकना और इस क्षेत्र पर कब्जा करना था।
The ultimate goal of their plan was to engineer a revolt in Kashmir, overthrow the government and capture the territory.

Hindi Translationअगर वे सफल होते, तो इससे उन्हें रणनीतिक पर्वतीय दर्रों, चोटियों और नदियों पर नियंत्रण मिल जाता। 22 अक्टूबर को, ऑपरेशन गुलमर्ग शुरू किया गया और इन घुसपैठियों ने कश्मीर पर आक्रमण कर दिया, जिसके चलते 26 अक्टूबर 1947 को यह रियासत भारत का हिस्सा बन गई।
If they had succeeded, it would have allowed them to control strategic mountain passes, peaks, and rivers. On 22 October, Operation Gulmarg was launched and these infiltrators invaded Kashmir, which led to the Princely State becoming a part of India on 26 October 1947.

Hindi Translationइस आक्रमण के जवाब में, भारत सरकार ने 27 अक्टूबर 1947 को कश्मीर के लोगों और भारत की सीमाओं की रक्षा के लिए अपने सैनिक भेजे।
In response to this invasion, the Government of India sent its troops to defend the people of Kashmir and India’s borders on 27 October 1947.

Hindi Translationजम्मू-कश्मीर में तैनाती के लिए सैनिकों का एक दल श्रीनगर में हवाई मार्ग से उतारा गया क्योंकि पठानकोट से होकर जाने वाला भूमि मार्ग अच्छी स्थिति में नहीं था।
A contingent of troops posted to Jammu and Kashmir was airlifted into Srinagar because the land route through Pathankot was not in a good condition.

Hindi Translation31 अक्टूबर को, कुमाऊं रेजीमेंट की 4th बटालियन की डी कंपनी, मेजर सोमनाथ शर्मा की कमान में, भी श्रीनगर में उतारी गई।
On 31 October, the D Company of the 4th Battalion of Kumaon Regiment, under the command of Major Somnath Sharma, was also flown into Srinagar.

Hindi Translationउस समय, मेजर सोमनाथ शर्मा का बायाँ हाथ प्लास्टर में था, लेकिन उन्होंने युद्ध के दौरान अपनी कंपनी के साथ रहने पर जोर दिया।
At that time, Major Somnath Sharma’s left hand was in plaster, but he insisted on being with his company while in combat.

Hindi Translationवे जानते थे कि यह मिशन बहुत चुनौतीपूर्ण होगा और उन्होंने अपने वरिष्ठ अधिकारियों से कहा, “मैं अपने जवानों को किसी और से बेहतर जानता हूं और अगर वे कार्रवाई में जा रहे हैं, तो वे मेरे बिना नहीं जा रहे हैं।” ये शब्द अपने जवानों और अपने देश के प्रति उनके समर्पण को उजागर करते थे।
He knew that this mission would be very challenging and told his senior officers, “I know my men better than anyone else and if they are going into action, they are not going in without me.” These words highlighted his commitment to his men and his country.

Hindi Translationश्रीनगर पहुंचने से पहले, श्रीनगर हवाई अड्डे से 5 किलोमीटर से भी कम दूरी पर स्थित बडगाम गाँव की ओर कबाइलियों के आने की अकारण अफवाहें फैली हुई थीं।
Before their arrival in Srinagar, there had been unfounded rumours of tribal movement towards the village of Badgam, less than 5 kilometres away from the Srinagar airport.

Hindi Translationगाँव हवाई क्षेत्र से अधिक ऊंचाई पर था और उस तक पहुँच गाँव के रास्ते ही थी। इसलिए, सैनिकों की सुरक्षा और हवाई मार्ग से आने वाली आपूर्ति को सुविधाजनक बनाने के लिए क्षेत्र पर नियंत्रण बनाए रखना भारतीय सेना के लिए महत्वपूर्ण था।
The village was on a higher altitude than the airfield and access was through the village. Hence, it was important for Indian forces to retain control of the area in order to protect troops and facilitate supplies arriving via air.

Hindi Translationहकीकत में, दुश्मन पकड़ में आने से बचने के लिए छोटे-छोटे समूहों में बडगाम पहुंचना शुरू हो गया था। 03 नवंबर 1947 को, मेजर सोमनाथ शर्मा की डी कंपनी सहित कई कंपनियों को गाँव और आस-पास उभरते खतरों का पता लगाने और गश्त लगाने के लिए भेजा गया।
In reality, the enemy had started arriving in Badgam in small groups to avoid detection. On 03 November 1947, several companies, including Major Somnath Sharma’s D Company, were sent to patrol and assess emerging threats in and around the village.

Hindi Translationपूरे दिन, घाटी में सनसनीखेज सन्नाटा था। दोपहर के आसपास, कंपनियों को एक-एक करके वापस लौटने का आदेश दिया गया। 90 सैनिकों वाली डी कंपनी अंतिम थी, और उनके दोपहर 2:00 बजे तक लौटने की उम्मीद थी।
Throughout the day, the valley was eerily silent. Around afternoon, the companies were ordered to return one by one. D company with 90 soldiers was the last, and they were expected to return by 2:00 p.m.

Hindi Translationजब दुश्मन (कबाइली छापामार आक्रमणकारी), पाकिस्तानी सेना की कमान में, ने देखा कि बडगाम में केवल भारतीय सैनिकों का एक छोटा समूह पीछे रह गया है, तो उन्होंने उन पर हमला कर दिया।
When the enemy (tribal guerrilla invaders), under the command of the Pakistani army, saw that only a small group of Indian soldiers were left behind in Badgam, they attacked them.

Hindi Translationउनके प्रारंभिक हमले का मेजर सोमनाथ और उनके जवानों ने जमकर मुकाबला किया। हालाँकि, मेजर सोमनाथ ने सही अनुमान लगाया कि पहला हमला सिर्फ एक व्याकुलता भरा हमला था।
Their initial attack was met with stiff resistance by Major Somnath and his men. However, Major Somnath correctly visualised that the first attack was just a distraction.

Hindi Translationइसके कुछ ही समय बाद, दूसरी तरफ से एक बड़ा हमला हुआ। तब तक, मेजर सोमनाथ शर्मा और उनके 90 सैनिक लगभग 500 आक्रमणकारियों का सामना कर रहे थे।
Shortly thereafter, a major attack came from another side. By then, Major Somnath Sharma and his 90 soldiers were facing about 500 invaders.

Hindi Translationपाकिस्तानी आक्रमणकारियों का लक्ष्य श्रीनगर हवाई क्षेत्र और उसके आसपास के इलाकों पर कब्जा करना था। मेजर सोमनाथ शर्मा के लिए यह स्पष्ट था कि तब तक श्रीनगर शहर, हवाई अड्डे और व्यापक घाटी की रक्षा करना वास्तव में मुश्किल था जब तक कि अतिरिक्त सैनिक नहीं आ जाते।
The Pakistani invaders sought to capture the Srinagar airfield and its surrounding areas. It was clear to Major Somnath Sharma that defending Srinagar town, the airfield, and the wider valley was indeed difficult until reinforcements arrived.

Hindi Translationस्थिति का आकलन करने के बाद, उन्होंने हवाई हमलों का अनुरोध किया। उन्होंने बहादुरी से लक्ष्य की ओर विमानों को मार्गदर्शन करने के लिए ग्राउंड पैनल बिछाए।
After assessing the situation, he requested air strikes. He bravely laid out ground panels to guide the aircraft towards their target.

Hindi Translationहवाई हमले कबाइली आक्रमणकारियों पर सफल रहे, लेकिन फिर भी वे डी कंपनी से लगभग सात से एक की संख्या में अधिक थे। मेजर सोमनाथ के जवानों द्वारा धारण की गई स्थितियों पर हमला जारी रहा।
The aerial attacks were successful in hitting the tribal invaders, but they still outnumbered D Company by almost seven to one, the attack on the positions occupied by Major Somnath’s men continued.

Hindi Translationबहुत अधिक संख्या में और विनाशकारी गोलीबारी का सामना करते हुए, मेजर सोमनाथ शर्मा और उनके जवान अटल रहे। हवा गोलीबारी और युद्ध के पुकार से गाढ़ी थी, लेकिन मेजर सोमनाथ शर्मा की आवाज अफरातफरी के बीच से सुनाई देती थी, जो अपने जवानों से दृढ़ता और वीरता से लड़ने का आग्रह कर रहे थे।
Vastly outnumbered and facing devastating fire, Major Somnath Sharma and his men stood resolute. The air was thick with the sound of gunfire and the cries of battle, but Major Somnath Sharma’s voice cut through the chaos, urging his men to fight with tenacity and valour.

Hindi Translationभारी हताहतों और अपनी खुद की चोटों के बावजूद, मेजर सोमनाथ शर्मा ने अद्वितीय बहादुरी प्रदर्शित की।
Despite heavy casualties and his own injuries, Major Somnath Sharma displayed unparalleled bravery.

Hindi Translationवे निडर होकर युद्ध के मैदान में घूमते रहे, फायरिंग को निर्देशित करते, अपने गनरों के लिए मैगज़ीन भरते और अपने जवानों को अपनी जमीन बनाए रखने के लिए प्रोत्साहित करते रहे।
He moved fearlessly through the battlefield, directing fire, filling magazines for his gunners, and encouraging his men to hold their ground.

Hindi Translationहालाँकि, जैसे-जैसे लड़ाई आगे बढ़ी, डी कंपनी का गोला-बारूद खत्म होने लगा। जब मेजर सोमनाथ शर्मा ने ब्रिगेड मुख्यालय को इस बारे में सूचित किया, तो उन्हें पीछे हटने के लिए कहा गया।
However, as the battle progressed, D Company began running out of ammunition. When Major Somnath Sharma informed Brigade headquarters about this, he was asked to pull back.

Hindi Translationस्थिति की गंभीरता से अवगत होते हुए, उन्होंने जवाब दिया, “दुश्मन हमसे केवल 50 गज की दूरी पर है। हम संख्या में बहुत कम हैं। हम भीषण गोलाबारी का सामना कर रहे हैं। मैं एक इंच भी पीछे नहीं हटूंगा बल्कि आखिरी आदमी और आखिरी गोली तक लड़ूंगा”।
Aware of the gravity of the situation, he responded with the words, “The enemy is only 50 yards from us. We are heavily outnumbered. We are under devastating fire. I shall not withdraw an inch but will fight to the last man and the last round”.

Hindi Translationइसके कुछ ही मिनट बाद, जब वह एक मशीन गन ऑपरेटर के बगल में एक खाई में झुके हुए थे, ताकि उसे गन लोड करने में मदद कर सकें, तभी उनकी पोजीशन पर एक मोर्टार का गोला गिरा, जिससे वे तुरंत शहीद हो गए।
Just a few minutes later, when he was crouched in a trench next to a machine gun operator, in order to help him load the gun, his position was hit by a mortar shell, killing him instantly.

Hindi Translationअपने मेजर को खोने और दुश्मन की भारी संख्यात्मक श्रेष्ठता का सामना करने के बावजूद, स्वर्गीय मेजर सोमनाथ शर्मा की वीरतापूर्ण कार्यवाईयों ने अपने सैनिकों को दुश्मन द्वारा अधिकार किए जाने से पहले छह घंटे से अधिक समय तक अपनी स्थिति पर डटे रहने के लिए प्रेरित किया।
Despite losing their Major and faced with the overwhelming numerical superiority of the enemy, the heroic actions of late Major Somnath Sharma motivated his men to hold on to their position for over six more hours before being overrun by the enemy.

Hindi Translationउनके बहादुर प्रतिरोध ने सुदृढीकरण के आने के लिए समय प्रदान किया, जिसमें पंजाब रेजिमेंट के सैनिकों को श्रीनगर में उतारना भी शामिल था।
Their brave resistance provided time for reinforcements to arrive, including flying in soldiers from the Punjab regiment to Srinagar.

Hindi Translationमेजर सोमनाथ और उनके सैनिकों की वीरतापूर्ण कार्यवाईयों ने दुश्मन का मनोबल पूरी तरह से तोड़ दिया, जिसमें उनके नेता को घायल करने सहित 300 से अधिक हताहत हुए।
The heroic deeds of Major Somnath and his men thoroughly demotivated the enemy, causing more than 300 casualties, including injuring their leader.

Hindi Translationकई महत्वपूर्ण तरीकों से, डी कंपनी के बलिदान और मेजर सोमनाथ के नेतृत्व ने भारत के लिए श्रीनगर को बचाया। 4 कुमाऊं बटालियन को बैटल ऑनर, श्रीनगर से सम्मानित किया गया।
In many significant ways, D Company’s sacrifice and Major Somnath’s leadership saved Srinagar for India. The 4 KUMAON battalion was awarded the Battle Honour, Srinagar.

Hindi Translationमेजर सोमनाथ ने केवल 24 वर्ष की युवा आयु में ही nation देश के लिए अपने प्राण न्यौछावर कर दिए। इस साहसिक बहादुरी के लिए, मेजर सोमनाथ शर्मा को परम वीर चक्र (PVC) से सम्मानित किया गया।
Major Somnath laid down his life for the nation at the young age of 24. For this act of conspicuous bravery, Major Somnath Sharma was awarded the Param Vir Chakra (PVC).

Hindi Translationउनकी उद्धरण पत्र (सिटेशन) उनकी वीरता, देशभक्ति और साहस को दर्शाती है। वे परम वीर चक्र के पहले प्राप्तकर्ता थे, जो उन्हें बहादुरी और सर्वोच्च बलिदान के लिए मरणोपरांत प्रदान किया गया।
His citation reflects his heroism, patriotism, and courage. He was the first recipient of the PVC, awarded posthumously for gallantry and supreme sacrifice.

Hindi Translationहमने 3 नवंबर 1947 की घटनाओं का विस्तार से अध्ययन किया है। यह भी जानना उचित होगा कि मेजर सोमनाथ के प्रारंभिक जीवन और उन घटनाओं के बारे में और अधिक जानकारी प्राप्त करें जिन्होंने उन्हें राष्ट्र के लिए अंतिम त्याग करने के लिए प्रेरित किया।
We have delved into how the events of 03 November 1947, played out. It is also worth knowing more about the early life of Major Somnath and the events that led him to make the ultimate sacrifice for the nation.

Hindi Translationमेजर सोमनाथ शर्मा का जन्म 31 जनवरी 1923 को हिमाचल प्रदेश के कांगड़ा की सुरम्य नगरी डाड में एक समृद्ध सैन्य विरासत वाले परिवार में हुआ था। उनके पिता, मेजर जनरल अमर नाथ शर्मा, ने देश में विशिष्टता के साथ सेवा की थी।
Born on 31 January 1923, in the picturesque town of Dadh in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, Somnath Sharma belonged to a family with a rich military legacy. His father, Major General Amar Nath Sharma, had served the nation with distinction.

Hindi Translationयुवा सोमनाथ अपने दादा द्वारा सुनाई गई महाभारत की वीरतापूर्ण कहानियों से भी गहरे प्रेरित थे।
Young Somnath was also deeply inspired by the valorous tales of the Mahabharata, imparted to him by his grandfather.

Hindi Translationशेरवुड कॉलेज, नैनीताल में अपनी प्रारंभिक शिक्षा से लेकर रॉयल मिलिट्री कॉलेज, सैंडहर्स्ट में कठोर प्रशिक्षण तक, मेजर सोमनाथ शर्मा का जीवन अनुशासन और समर्पण की एक मिसाल था।
From his early education at Sherwood College, Nainital, to his rigorous training at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Major Somnath Sharma’s life was a testament to discipline and dedication.

Hindi Translation1942 में 19वीं हैदराबाद रेजीमेंट की 8वीं बटालियन में कमीशन प्राप्त करने के बाद, उन्होंने द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के दौरान बर्मा में अराकान अभियान में विशिष्टता के साथ सेवा की और अपनी बहादुरी के लिए उल्लेख प्राप्त किया।
Commissioned into the 8th Battalion, 19th Hyderabad Regiment in 1942, he served with distinction during World War II in the Arakan Campaign in Burma, earning mentions in despatches for his bravery.

Hindi Translationहालाँकि, 1947-1948 के भारत-पाकिस्तान युद्ध के दौरान, विशेष रूप से बडगाम की लड़ाई के दौरान, मेजर सोमनाथ शर्मा की विरासत वास्तव में अमर हो गई।
However, it was during the Indo–Pakistan War of 1947–1948, particulary in the battle of Badgam, that the legacy of Major Somnath Sharma was truly forged.

Hindi Translationमेजर सोमनाथ शर्मा का जीवन और बलिदान कर्तव्य, सम्मान और देशभक्ति के उच्चतम आदर्शों का प्रतीक है। वह सैनिकों और नागरिकों दोनों के लिए प्रेरणा का स्रोत रहे हैं।
The life and sacrifice of Major Somnath Sharma embody the highest ideals of duty, honour, and patriotism. He has been a source of inspiration for soldiers and citizens alike.

Hindi Translationसबसे महत्वपूर्ण बात यह है कि उनकी कहानी मातृभूमि की रक्षा में असंख्य पुरुषों और महिलाओं द्वारा किए गए बलिदानों की याद दिलाती है और उस गहन कर्तव्य भावना पर प्रकाश डालती है जिसने उन्हें प्रेरित किया।
Most importantly, his story is a reminder of the sacrifices made by countless men and women in defence of the motherland and highlights the profound sense of duty that inspired them.

Hindi Translationकश्मीर घाटी की शांति में, जहां घुसपैठियों के साथ डी कंपनी की लड़ाई की गूंज लंबे समय से खत्म हो गई है, मेजर सोमनाथ शर्मा की कहानी साहस और बलिदान की एक मिसाल बनी हुई है।
In the quiet of the Kashmir Valley, where the echoes of D Company’s battle with infiltrators have long since faded, the story of Major Somnath Sharma remains a beacon of courage and sacrifice.

Hindi Translationउनकी वीरता ने सुनिश्चित किया कि तिरंगा श्रीनगर पर लहराता रहेगा, और उनका नाम भारत के सैन्य इतिहास के स्वर्णिम पन्नों में हमेशा के लिए अंकित है। मेजर सोमनाथ शर्मा का जीवन और विरासत स्वतंत्रता की कीमत और उसे बचाने के लिए लड़ने वालों की स्थायी भावना की एक मार्मिक याद दिलाता है।
His valour ensured that the tricolour would continue to fly over Srinagar, and his name is forever etched in the golden pages of India’s military history. The life and legacy of Major Somnath Sharma stands as a poignant reminder of the price of freedom and the enduring spirit of those who fought to protect it.

Hindi Translationनिस्वार्थता और बहादुरी से चिह्नित उनकी कहानी आने वाली पीढ़ियों को प्रेरित और मार्गदर्शन करती रहेगी, यह सुनिश्चित करते हुए कि उनका बलिदान कभी भुलाया नहीं जाएगा। उनका नाम राष्ट्रीय समर स्मारक की ऑनर वॉल पर अंकित है।
His story, marked by selflessness and bravery, will continue to inspire and guide generations to come, ensuring that his sacrifice is never to be forgotten. His name is etched on the Honour Wall of the National War Memorial.

Class 8 English Poorvi Unit 2 Chapter 1 Summary in Hindi and English Medium.

Summary of Chapter 1 A Tale of Valour: Major Somnath Sharma and the Battle of Badgam from Class 8 English Poorvi Unit 2.
Class 8 English Unit 2 Chapter 1 narrates the bravery of Major Somnath Sharma, the first Param Vir Chakra awardee. In October 1947, Pakistan launched an invasion in Kashmir through tribal raiders. On 3rd November, a company of only 90 soldiers from the 4 Kumaon Battalion, led by Major Sharma, faced nearly 500 enemy troops at Badgam near Srinagar. Though already injured in his arm, Major Sharma inspired his men to hold their ground. He requested air support, guided the aircraft and continued fighting fearlessly. Surrounded and outnumbered, he refused to retreat, saying, “I shall not withdraw an inch”. He was martyred in the battle, but his courage delayed the enemy and saved Srinagar. His supreme sacrifice and leadership remain an inspiration of duty, valour and patriotism.
Summary in Hindiयह पाठ मेजर सोमनाथ शर्मा की वीरता की गाथा बताता है, जिन्हें पहला परमवीर चक्र मिला। 1947 में पाकिस्तान ने कश्मीर पर कबाइलियों के माध्यम से हमला किया। 3 नवम्बर को श्रीनगर के पास बडगाम में मेजर शर्मा के नेतृत्व में 90 सैनिकों ने लगभग 500 दुश्मनों का सामना किया। उनका हाथ पहले से घायल था, फिर भी उन्होंने अपनी टुकड़ी को हिम्मत दी और मोर्चा संभाले रखा। उन्होंने वायुसेना से मदद मंगाई और दुश्मनों को रोकने में सफल रहे। भारी संख्या और घेराबंदी के बावजूद उन्होंने कहा, “मैं एक इंच भी पीछे नहीं हटूँगा।” इस लड़ाई में वे वीरगति को प्राप्त हुए, लेकिन उनकी बहादुरी ने श्रीनगर को बचा लिया। उनका बलिदान कर्तव्य, अनुशासन और देशभक्ति का अद्भुत उदाहरण है।