Class 10 Science Chapter 5 MCQ

Here, all the statements are correct. Hence, your answer will be option [D].

Here, all the statements are correct. Hence, your answer will be option [D].

Non-metals can form acidic oxides in general. Non-metals have 4 to 8 electrons in the outermost shell. The electronic configuration of given elements are (a) i.e. 7 = 2, 5 (b) i.e., 3 = 2, 1 (c) i.e., 12 = 2, 8, 2 (d) i.e., 19 = 2, 8, 8, 1. So, element with atomic number 7 (electronic configuration 2, 5) with is non-metal (N) and it will form an acidic oxide. Rest three elements atomic numbers, 3 (Li), 12 (Mg) and 19 (K) are metals and hence form basic oxides.

The elements boron (B), silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) are metalloids. In the periodic table, metals have been separated from non-metals by some elements called “metalloids” which are placed diagonally in the periodic table. These metalloids are B, Si, Ge, As (arsenic), Sb (antimony), Te (tellurium) and (Po) polonium.

Here, all the statements are incorrect. Hence, your answer will be option [D]. Explanation: In option [A], In Mendeleev’s periodic table, the elements are arranged on the basis of their atomic masses and also on the similarity of chemical properties, whereas the modern periodic table is based on the atomic numbers of elements. In option [B]: Dobereiner’s triads also exist in the columns of Newlands’ classification of elements based on the law of octaves. In option [C]: The periodic table is a chart of elements prepared in such a way that the elements having similar properties occur in the same vertical column or group. It is called periodic because the elements having similar properties are repeated after certain intervals or periods; and it is called a table because the elements are arranged in the tabular form.

Gallium has a valency of 3. Hence, it forms an oxide having molecular formula E2O3. In other options, valency of E is not 3. Note: Eka-Aluminium (first element after Aluminium) i.e. gallium lies in group III of the Mendeleev’s periodic table.

Li, O, C, Be, F belong to same period i.e. 2nd period. In a period on moving from left to right, non-metallic character increases. Thus, the order of increasing non-metallic character is: Li < Be < C < O < F.

Due to large positive charge on the nucleus, the electrons are pulled in more close to the nucleus and the size of the atom decreases. However, the size of atom of an inert gas is bigger than that of the preceding halogen atom. The greater size of the inert gas atom in a period is due to the structural stability of its outermost shell consisting of an octet of electrons. Note: As we move from left to right in a period, the atomic number of elements increases which means that the number of protons and electrons in the atoms increases (the extra electrons being added to the same shell.

Isotopes are the atoms of the same element having same atomic number and hence, similar chemical properties but different atomic masses. Note: All the isotopes of an element have the same atomic number. Therefore, they can be placed at one place in the same group of the periodic table. Chemical properties depend on the electronic configuration of the element i.e. atomic number of the element.

Electronic configuration of Mg (atomic number 12) 2, 8, 2. Electronic configuration of Na (atomic number 11) 2, 8, 1. Electronic configuration of K (atomic number 19) 2, 8, 8,1. Electronic configuration of Ca (atomic number 20) 2, 8, 8, 2. From the above electronic configurations, it is clear that K and Na will lose electron easily to achieve stable configuration. But out of K and Na, K will lose electron more easily because the force of attraction on valence electron of K is least among the given. In other words, larger the atomic radius of an element more easily it can lose its valence electron. Among all these, K has the largest atomic radius, therefore it can lose its valence electron more easily.

All the elements of a group of the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons. e.g., all the elements of group 1 have one valence electron each in their atoms. All the elements of group 18 have 8 valence electrons each in their atoms, except helium which has only 2 valence electrons in its atom. All the remaining three properties increase down the group. Note: On moving down in a particular group of the periodic table, the number of valence electrons in the elements remains the same. All the remaining three properties increase down the group.

As we move from left to right in a period, the atomic number of each succeeding element increases by 1. So, the electrons are attracted close to the nucleus and hence, the atomic size decreases, along a period from left to right. Therefore, the increasing order of radii is F, O, N as atomic number of F, O and N are 9, 8 and 7 respectively. Due to which F belongs to 17th group. O belongs to 16th group and N belongs to 15th group. Note: Atomic radii is the distance between the centre of the nucleus and the outermost shell which contains electrons in an isolated system.

Thus, Na (group 1) has one, Al (group 13) has three (13-10), Si (group 14) has four (14-10) and P (group 15) has five (15-10) valence electrons. Therefore, P has maximum number of valence electrons i.e., 5 (maximum among the given). Note: Amongst representative elements, the number of valence electrons increases as the group number increases from left to right.

Here, all the statements are correct. Hence, your answer will be option [D].

The elements of 2nd period involve the filling of 2nd shell i.e. L shell. Because in periods 2, there are two shell, K and L.

The elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 are called lanthanide series (because their first element is lanthanum). And the elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 are called actinide series (because their first member is actinium).

Electronic configuration of A (atomic number 9) is 2, 7. Electronic configuration of B (atomic number 11) is 2, 8, 1. Electronic configuration of C (atomic number 17) is 2, 8, 7. Electronic configuration of D (atomic number 12) is 2, 8, 2. Electronic configuration of E (atomic number 13) is 2, 8, 3. Elements which differ in atomic number by 8 i.e., 9 (A fluorine) and 17 (Cl chlorine) lie in the same group i.e., group 17 (halogens).

The first period starts with hydrogen and ends with noble gas helium. All other periods start with alkali metals like lithium, sodium, potassium, etc., and end with noble gases like neon, argon, krypton, etc.

2nd period contains elements with atomic number 3(Li), 7(N), 10(Ne). Since, 2nd period has elements having atomic number 3 to 10. Note: The number of elements in any period is fixed by the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in that particular shell. The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in any shell is given by the formula 2n2 where, n is the number of the given shell starting from the nucleus.

In the modern periodic table, the elements have been roughly divided into metals and non-metals. The elements on the left side of the periodic table are metals whereas those on the right side are non-metals. In option [A]: The group 3 to group 12 elements are called transition elements. In these elements, the outermost shell as well as the next to outermost shell (penultimate shell) are incomplete and in the process of being filled with electrons. In option [B]: The elements with atomic numbers 57 to 71 are called lanthanide series (because their first element is lanthanum). In option [C]: The elements with atomic numbers 89 to 103 are called actinide series (because their first member is actinium). These are two series of elements having similar properties and they have been placed in two rows at the bottom of the periodic table (so that the periodic table can fit on a single page).

Here, all the statements are correct. Hence, your answer will be option [D].

Mendeleev’s left some gaps in the periodic table for those elements which were not known at that time. Germanium element found a place in the periodic table later and Mendeleev’s predictions were found to be remarkably correct.

Here, all the statements are correct. Hence, your answer will be option [D].

According to Mendeleev’s periodic law, the elements were arranged in the periodic table in the order of increasing atomic masses. Note: Mendeleev’s periodic law states that, the physical and chemical properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic masses.

Here, all the statements are correct. Hence, your answer will be option [D].