NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Sociology Chapter 2 MCQ

Patrilineal family organization uses the father’s line as the way to define naming practices and therefore the inheritance of property, privileges, titles, and social position. In patrilineal family systems children and wives take the father’s surname, the patronym.

Anti-untouchability programmes became a major a part of the Congress agenda in order that, by the time Independence was on the horizon, there was a broad agreement across the spectrum of the nationalist movement to abolish caste distinctions.

Ghurye explains caste in India supported six distinctive characteristics: Segmental Division of society. Hierarchy. Civil & religious disabilities and privileges.

The British government conducted decennial census from 1881 onwards within which caste based data were collected separately.The census conducted under the direction of Herbert Risley in 1901 CE sought to gather information on the social hierarchy of caste i.e. position of every caste within the rank or order. Representatives of various castes addressed many petitions to the Census commissioner so as to enlist them on the next position on hierarchy of class structure. Before that individuals were reluctant to their castes.Upper castes got preference within the land revenue settlements and related arrangements under British Government.The Government of India Act. 1935 was passed to offer legal recognition to the schedules (list) of castes and tribes marked out for special treatment by the state. From here, the terms scheduled castes and scheduled tribe came into being and subsequently, given place in Constitution of independent India.

The theory was proposed by Thomas Robert Malthus. He believed that a balance between increment and food supply is established through preventive and positive checks.

The demographic transition model was initially proposed in 1929 by demographer Warren Thompson. The model has four stages: pre-industrial, urbanizing/industrializing, mature industrial, and post-industrial. Within the pre-industrial stage, crude birth rates and crude death rates remain near one another keeping the population relatively level.

Following the pre-industrial stage is that the transitional stage. During this stage, the human population begins to extend thanks to high birth rates and declining death rates.

The human population is increasing day by day, resulting in a population explosion. It’s due to the subsequent two major reasons. Reasons for population explosions are as follows: A rapid decline in death rate, maternal fatality rate, and morbidity death-rate | death rate | morbidity |mortality | mortality rate | fatality rate.

The transition may be summarized within the following four stages, which are illustrated in Figure below: Stage 1 — High birth and death rates cause slow increment.

Malthus’ theoretical argument: In 1798, Thomas Robert Malthus proposed his theory in An Essay on the Principle of Population. He argued that although human populations tend to extend, the happiness of a nation requires a like increase in food production.

The birth rate and also the death rate are two factors that influence population change. The birth rate is that the number of live births per 1000 people while the death rate is that the number of deaths per 1000 people.These are the natural causes of population change. When the birth rate is over the death rate, population increases. When the death rate is over the birth rate, population decreases.

Census, an enumeration of individuals, houses, firms, or other important items in a very country or region at a selected time. Used alone, the term usually refers to a population census—the type to be described during this article. However, many countries take censuses of housing and manufacturing.

The ratio of the population of a rustic to its area is population density. While discussing population distribution density of population is additionally considered. The density is calculated as per the formula given below. Density of population = Population of a part/Area of a region.

According to Robert Malthus population rises in progression whereas agricultural production grows in progression.

States at the replacement level of population growth: Madras Kerala Goa Nagaland Manipur Tripura Jammu and Kashmir and PunjabStates very around the replacement levels of population growth: Uttarakhand Himachal Pradesh Karnataka state Maharashtra Arunachal Pradesh Mizoram and state.

In 1798 Thomas Malthus wrote An Essay on the Principle of Population. It posed the conundrum of geometrical population growth’s outstripping arithmetic expansion in resources. Malthus, who was an Anglican clergyman, recommended late marriage and sexual abstinence as methods of contraception.