NCERT Solutions for Class 4 EVS Chapter 23

Occupation is an activity or task with which one occupies oneself, specifically a productive activity, service, trade, or craft for which one is regularly paid. It is a job which is a source of income and livelihood for someone.

A person who makes fabric by weaving fiber together is a weaver. Most weavers use a loom which is a device that holds the threads tightly as they’re being woven. A craft weaver works by hand, weaving without a loom, but most weavers use either a hand loom or a power loom. The weaving that they do is very beautiful and special.

In the Mukhtapur village which is in the Pochampalli district of Andhra Pradesh most of the families are in weavers that is why the special cloth that they weave is called Pochampalli.

Traditional occupation means an occupation that is followed in a family in which it is handed down by an ancestor to his future generations. Most of the people in our country either seek employment or engage in trade and business. The traditional occupations like agriculture, cottage industries, animal rearing and using animal products such as ghee, cheese, leather goods, etc. have been diminishing day by day.

Dyeing is the process of dyes or pigments on textile materials such as fibres, yarns, and fabrics with the goal of achieving colour with desired colour fastness. Dyeing is normally done in a special solution containing dyes and particular chemical material. In dyeing, it is applied to the entire textile.

A dye is a coloured substance that chemically bonds to the thing to which it is being applied. Dye is a substance that is used to change the colour of whatever it is applied to.Dye is used on fabrics, hair, yarn and other fibers, clothing, and food, among other things. When you apply dye to something, you dye it.

The first step involved in the making of the Pochampalli saree is – spinning in which the raw fabric is twisted into thread or yarn as it spins across the spinning wheel. Spinning wheel is an early machine which is used for turning fibre into thread or yarn, which is then woven into cloth on a loom.

A spool is a small cylindrical piece of wood or other material on which yarn is wound in spinning to be used in weaving. It is thus a small piece of wood or other material on which thread, wire, or tape is wound, usually stretched or with a rim at each end, having a hole lengthwise through the center.

The loom has many needles which are of varying size and number depending upon the different designs and patterns to be woven. The size and number of the needles changes according to the design.

Making of Pochampalli sarees need a lot of hard work and it is a tedious job which involves many people and different steps like spinning, washing, rolling , weaving etc. It is a thread which has to be made into a saree. The thread is bought and then these threads are put in boiling water to wash away the dirt and stains. Then everybody works to dye the thread with bright colours. These threads are then dried and rolled into bundles. These bundles are put onto looms and the cloth is woven. Silk cloth and silk sarees are woven from the silk thread. Cotton thread is used to weave cotton sarees, cloth, sheets, etc.

The weavers are migrating to cities as silk is becoming expensive day by day and the shopkeepers are paying less money to them for their hard work and as a result they are finding it difficult to fulfill their needs. So they are moving to cities to earn money by working there as labourers.

Many traditional arts and crafts of India are dying due to modernization and technological developments. This has resulted in the changes in the customer’s preferences and tastes too . The traditional articles are expensive too as compared to the machine made articles, so people are more interested in buying the machine made articles. Thus the Handmade crafts of India are on the verge of extinction and getting replaced machine made products.

A stone cutter is a person who carries on the trade of stone cutting. He is a person who processes or shapes crude and rough pieces of rocks into desirable shapes, sizes and patterns for the purpose of building and creating structures. He makes idols. statues and carvings.

Goldsmiths design and make gold jewellery, including jewellery with precious and semi-precious stones. This may involve cutting, filing, hammering, turning, spinning, bending and casting gold or other metals. They may design and create pieces of ornaments, Mementos etc

Iron smith is a person who makes the things made of iron by using hammers, pliers and blades. He is one who makes and repairs utensils, locks, keys, containers and tools of iron.

A potter, or pottery maker, is a craft artist who uses their artistic talents to create pots, dishes, mugs, vases, and other types of artwork. Most potters create those items or pieces that are meant to be used every day. They make pots, vessels and vase etc.