NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Kaveri Chapter 7 Carrier of Words & Words

Kaveri Chapter 7 English to Hindi Translation:

Though we are just a click away from sending mail at present, can you imagine how it was before the internet became the way of life? The mail was dropped in the post box, then through the postal system finally it was delivered by the postman in our letter box. The areas beyond the last railhead and after the road crumbles into sand, Gramin Dak Sewaks still serve as the sole link between the oases of humanity in India’s extremes and their faraway families.
Hindi Translationयद्यपि वर्तमान में हम संदेश भेजने से मात्र एक क्लिक की दूरी पर हैं, लेकिन क्या आप कल्पना कर सकते हैं कि इंटरनेट के जीवन का हिस्सा बनने से पहले यह सब कैसा था? पत्र को पोस्ट बॉक्स में डाला जाता था, फिर डाक प्रणाली के माध्यम से अंततः डाकिया उसे हमारे लेटर बॉक्स में पहुँचाता था। अंतिम रेलवे स्टेशन से आगे और जहाँ सड़कें रेत में बदल जाती हैं, वहाँ ग्रामीण डाक सेवक अभी भी भारत के दूरदराज के क्षेत्रों में मानवता के नखलिस्तानों और उनके दूर-दराज के परिवारों के बीच एकमात्र कड़ी के रूप में काम करते हैं।

Word Meanings• Railhead: रेलमार्ग का अंतिम स्टेशन (The furthest point to which a railway has been built)
• Crumbles: टुकड़ों में टूटना/समाप्त होना (To break into small fragments; here, it refers to the road ending or becoming unpaved)
• Sole link: एकमात्र कड़ी (The only connection between two things)
• Oases of humanity: मानवता के नखलिस्तान (Isolated areas where people live, surrounded by harsh or uninhabited environments)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses the Simple Present tense (are, becomes, serve) to discuss current realities. It also uses the Simple Past (was dropped, was delivered) in a passive construction to describe the traditional process of mail delivery before the digital age.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
Sole: Describes the unique and singular role of the postal workers.
Faraway: Describes the great distance between families in remote regions.
Extreme: Describes the harsh or distant geographical locations in India.
Last: Identifies the final point of the railway line.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
Imagine: Imperative verb used to ask the reader to visualize the past.
Dropped: Simple Past (passive) showing how a letter started its journey.
Delivered: Simple Past (passive) showing the completion of the delivery.
Crumbles: Simple Present describing the natural end of paved roads.
Serve: Simple Present showing the ongoing duty of the Gramin Dak Sewaks.
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
Finally: Shows the conclusion of the long postal process.
Still: Emphasizes that this traditional service continues even today.
Beyond: Prepositional adverb showing a location further than the railhead.

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Khetaram is a Gramin Dak Sewak. His left shoulder slumped from years of carrying a mailbag, he is the sole postman of Somarad Branch Post Office. For the last 15 years, he has been a trusted link between the people attached to this Rajasthani village post office and their families. Defying all elements of the harshest desert of India, the Thar, he is the lone face of the state who reaches the far-flung hamlets, or dhaanis, of this remote area just 2.5 km short of the Indo-Pakistan border.
Hindi Translationखेताराम एक ग्रामीण डाक सेवक हैं। सालों तक डाक का थैला उठाने से उनका बायाँ कंधा झुक गया है, वे सोमराद शाखा डाकघर के एकमात्र डाकिया हैं। पिछले 15 वर्षों से, वे इस राजस्थानी गाँव के डाकघर से जुड़े लोगों और उनके परिवारों के बीच एक विश्वसनीय कड़ी रहे हैं। भारत के सबसे कठोर रेगिस्तान, थार, के सभी विषम परिस्थितियों को चुनौती देते हुए, वे राज्य के एकमात्र प्रतिनिधि हैं जो भारत-पाकिस्तान सीमा से मात्र 2.5 किमी पहले इस दूरदराज के क्षेत्र के बिखरे हुए गाँवों या ढाणियों तक पहुँचते हैं।

Word Meanings• Slumped: झुका हुआ (Lowered or bent forward, often due to weight or fatigue)
• Sole: एकमात्र (Being the only one; single)
• Defying: चुनौती देना / अवहेलना करना (Openly resisting or refusing to obey; braving something difficult)
• Far-flung: दूर-दराज़ (Remote or distant)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses the Simple Present tense (is, reaches) to describe Khetaram’s current status and ongoing duties. It also uses the Present Perfect Continuous tense (has been) to show an action that started 15 years ago and is still continuing today.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
• Left: Specifies which shoulder has been affected by the weight.
• Trusted: Describes the strong relationship between the postman and the villagers.
• Lone: Emphasizes that he is the only representative of the state in that area.
• Remote: Describes the isolated nature of the location near the border.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
• Slumped: Past Participle used as an adjective to describe his physical appearance.
• Carrying: Present Participle describing the continuous action that caused the slumped shoulder.
• Defying: Present Participle showing his brave movement through the desert.
• Reaches: Simple Present showing his regular arrival at distant locations.
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
• Just: Used to emphasize the small distance (2.5 km) from the international border.
• Finally: (Implied context) showing the end result of his long journey.

Some 120 km beyond the last railhead at Barmer, 50 km beyond the last phone and 10 km beyond where the Barmer–Chohtan road directionlessly crumbles into sand so soft that even bicycles can’t ply, that’s where Khetaram’s footprints appear along sand beds and dunes. It is his bodily effort that ensures that the mail transferred from the mail train onto buses before being hefted onto his shoulders is delivered at the border, within 24 hours of dispatch from Jodhpur, around 330 km away.
Hindi Translationबाड़मेर के आखिरी रेलवे स्टेशन से लगभग 120 किलोमीटर आगे, आखिरी फोन सुविधा से 50 किलोमीटर आगे और उस बिंदु से 10 किलोमीटर दूर जहाँ बाड़मेर-चोहटन सड़क दिशाहीन होकर इतनी नरम रेत में तब्दील हो जाती है कि वहाँ साइकिल भी नहीं चल सकती, वहीं से रेत की क्यारियों और टीलों पर खेताराम के पैरों के निशान दिखने शुरू होते हैं। उनके शारीरिक परिश्रम की बदौलत ही मेल ट्रेन से बसों में स्थानांतरित होकर और फिर उनके कंधों पर लादा गया डाक, जोधपुर से लगभग 330 किलोमीटर दूर, भेजे जाने के 24 घंटों के भीतर सीमा पर पहुँचाया जाता है।

Word Meanings• Dunes: रेत के टीले (Mounds or ridges of sand formed by the wind)
• Hefted: भारी वजन उठाना (Lifted or carried something heavy)
• Dispatch: प्रेषण/भेजना (The sending of someone or something to a destination)
• Bodily effort: शारीरिक श्रम (Physical work or exertion of the body)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses the Simple Present tense (appears, is, ensures) to describe the ongoing reality of Khetaram’s journey. It also uses the Present Passive voice (“is delivered”) to explain the final result of the long logisitical chain.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
• Last: Used repeatedly to emphasize the extreme edge of modern infrastructure (rail, phone, road).
• Soft: Describes the specific texture of the sand that prevents vehicles from moving.
• Bodily: Specifies that the effort is physical rather than mechanical.
• Swift: (Implied) describing the impressive 24-hour delivery time.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
• Crumbles: Simple Present showing where the paved road ends.
• Ply: Simple Present used in the negative to show what bicycles cannot do.
• Appear: Simple Present describing the visual evidence of Khetaram’s walk.
• Ensures: Simple Present showing how his work guarantees the result.
• Hefted: Past Participle used to describe the action of lifting the bag.
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
• Beyond: Prepositional adverb used to mark distances past known landmarks.
• Directionlessly: Describes how the road disappears into the desert.
• Around: Used to give an approximate distance for the total journey.

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Often, the impression of his footprints reveals the weight of his mailbag. Regulations stipulate that his load cannot exceed 28 kilos. But in the summers, when the sands sizzle under his mojri-clad feet, Khetaram says, “Even a single delivery is tiring, as I have to cover 20 km for it.” He delivers even on days when his body sends blazing signals that the temperature has crossed 50 degrees celsius, but is recorded as 49.9 degrees celsius, since 50 degrees celsius would mean a state holiday. Sometimes severe heat forces him to postpone deliveries till after sundown.
Hindi Translationअक्सर उनके पैरों के निशानों की गहराई उनके मेलबैग का वजन बता देती है। नियमों के अनुसार उनका भार 28 किलो से अधिक नहीं हो सकता। लेकिन गर्मियों में, जब उनके मोजरी पहने पैरों के नीचे रेत तपती है, खेताराम कहते हैं, “एक ही डिलीवरी थका देती है, क्योंकि उसके लिए मुझे 20 किलोमीटर चलना पड़ता है।” वे उन दिनों भी डिलीवरी करते हैं जब उनका शरीर संकेत देता है कि तापमान 50 डिग्री सेल्सियस पार कर चुका है, लेकिन उसे 49.9 डिग्री सेल्सियस दर्ज किया जाता है, क्योंकि 50 डिग्री सेल्सियस पर सरकारी छुट्टी होगी। कभी-कभी भीषण गर्मी उन्हें सूर्यास्त के बाद तक डिलीवरी स्थगित करने के लिए मजबूर कर देती है।

Word Meanings• Stipulate: निर्धारित करना/शर्त रखना (To demand or specify a requirement as part of an agreement or law)
• Sizzle: बहुत गरम होना (To make a sound like food frying; here, it means to be extremely hot)
• Blazing: जलता हुआ/बहुत तेज़ (Extremely hot or bright)
• Sundown: सूर्यास्त (The time in the evening when the sun goes down)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses the Simple Present tense (reveals, stipulate, says, delivers) to describe the standard rules and daily struggles of the postman. It also uses the Present Perfect tense (“has crossed”) to refer to the intense temperatures reaching their peak.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
• Mojri-clad: Describes the postman’s feet as wearing traditional Rajasthani shoes.
• Tiring: Describes the exhausting nature of a 20 km walk in the sand.
• Blazing: Describes the intensity of the physical signals sent by his body.
• Severe: Describes the extreme level of heat that forces a change in schedule.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
• Reveals: Simple Present showing how the depth of the footprints indicates the bag’s weight.
• Exceed: Simple Present (with “cannot”) showing the legal limit of the load.
• Cover: Simple Present used to state the distance he must travel.
• Recorded: Simple Present (passive) describing how the temperature is officially noted.
• Postpone: Simple Present showing the action of delaying work due to weather.
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
• Often: Adverb of frequency showing that his footprints regularly show the bag’s weight.
• Since: Used as a conjunction to explain the reason why the temperature is recorded differently.
• Till: Preposition of time showing the point when he restarts his deliveries.

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On other days, his khaki turban and uniform are his only protection against the desert’s furies, the scorching summer winds and swirling sandstorms which turn him into a walking sandman. “Water is too precious to waste on washing, so I can only wipe my body. When I finish, there is a sand dune at my feet every evening,” he says.
Hindi Translationअन्य दिनों में, उनकी खाकी पगड़ी और वर्दी ही रेगिस्तान के प्रकोप, तपती गर्मियों की हवाओं और धूल भरी आंधियों से उनकी एकमात्र सुरक्षा होती है, जो उन्हें चलते-फिरते रेत के पुतले में बदल देती है। वे कहते हैं, “पानी इतना कीमती है कि धोने पर बर्बाद नहीं कर सकते, इसलिए मैं केवल अपना शरीर पोंछ सकता हूँ। जब मैं काम खत्म करता हूँ, तो हर शाम मेरे पैरों के पास एक रेत का टीला बन जाता है।”

Word Meanings• Furies: प्रकोप/रोष (Extreme strength or violence in weather or natural forces)
• Scorching: झुलसाने वाली (Extremely hot; burning)
• Swirling: चकराता हुआ/घूमता हुआ (Moving in a twisting or spiraling pattern)
• Walking sandman: रेत का पुतला (A metaphor for a person completely covered in sand)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses the Simple Present tense (are, turn, is, says) to describe the ongoing and repetitive nature of the harsh conditions. It also uses the Present Participle (walking, washing, swirling) to create a vivid image of the environment and the postman’s actions.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
• Khaki: Describes the specific color of the official postal uniform and turban.
• Only: Emphasizes the lack of any other protective gear.
• Scorching: Describes the intense heat of the desert winds.
• Precious: Highlights the scarcity of water in the Thar region.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
• Are: Simple Present linking the uniform to the concept of protection.
• Turn: Simple Present showing the effect of the sandstorm on his appearance.
• Waste: Simple Present (infinitive) showing what he avoids doing with water.
• Finish: Simple Present used to describe the completion of his daily routine.
• Wipe: Simple Present showing his alternative method of cleaning.
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
• Too: Intensifier showing that the value of water is excessively high.
• Only: Limits the action of cleaning to just wiping.
• Every evening: Adverbial phrase of frequency showing the daily accumulation of sand.

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Till 2001, Khetaram was known as a ‘delivery agent’, operating in rural areas devoid of schools and primary healthcare centres. Since then, India’s three lakh plus delivery agents like Khetaram were accepted as Gramin Dak Sewaks (GDS), who constitute more than 50 per cent of the total workforce.
Hindi Translation2001 तक, खेताराम को ‘डिलीवरी एजेंट’ के रूप में जाना जाता था, जो स्कूलों और प्राथमिक स्वास्थ्य केंद्रों से वंचित ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में काम करते थे। तब से, खेताराम जैसे भारत के तीन लाख से अधिक डिलीवरी एजेंटों को ग्रामीण डाक सेवक (जीडीएस) के रूप में मान्यता मिली, जो कुल कार्यबल का 50 प्रतिशत से अधिक हिस्सा हैं।

Word Meanings• Operating: संचालन/काम करना (Working or functioning in a particular way or place)
• Devoid of: से रहित/विहीन (Completely lacking or free from something)
• Constitute: गठित करना/हिस्सा होना (To be a part of a whole; to make up)
• Workforce: कार्यबल (The total number of people employed by a particular organization or country)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses the Simple Past tense (“was known,” “were accepted”) to describe historical changes in the postal department. It also uses the Simple Present tense (“constitute”) to state a current fact about the proportion of GDS employees in the Indian postal system.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
• Rural: Describes the countryside areas away from cities.
• Primary: Specifies the basic level of healthcare services.
• Total: Describes the entire group of workers in the postal department.
• Plus: Used to indicate that the number of agents is more than three lakh.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
• Known: Past Participle used in a passive structure to show how he was identified.
• Operating: Present Participle describing his work in underserved areas.
• Accepted: Simple Past (passive) showing the change in their official status.
• Constitute: Simple Present showing that these workers make up a majority of the staff.
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
• Till: Preposition of time showing the limit of his previous job title.
• Since then: Adverbial phrase marking the time from 2001 to the present.
• More than: Comparative phrase showing the scale of the GDS workforce.

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The frozen desert of Ladakh, the isles of Lakshadweep, and the riverine communities of the northeast are all GDS territories. “The role of GDS is invaluable, since they deliver in interior areas that are often inaccessible by any means besides foot,” explains the Postmaster-General of Rajasthan Western Region.
Hindi Translationलद्दाख का जमा हुआ रेगिस्तान, लक्षद्वीप के द्वीप और पूर्वोत्तर के नदी किनारे बसे समुदाय — सभी ग्रामीण डाक सेवकों के कार्यक्षेत्र हैं। राजस्थान पश्चिमी क्षेत्र के पोस्टमास्टर जनरल बताते हैं, “जीडीएस की भूमिका अमूल्य है, क्योंकि वे उन आंतरिक क्षेत्रों में डिलीवरी करते हैं जहाँ पैदल के अलावा किसी अन्य साधन से पहुँचना अक्सर असंभव होता है।”

Word Meaning:
• Isles: द्वीप (Small islands)
• Riverine communities: नदी तटीय समुदाय (Groups of people living along or around a river)
• Invaluable: अमूल्य (Extremely useful; indispensable)
• Inaccessible: दुर्गम (Impossible or very difficult to reach)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses the Simple Present tense (are, is, deliver, explains) to state facts about the current geography and importance of the postal service. It uses a passive-sounding adjective (“inaccessible”) to describe the difficulty of the terrain.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
• Frozen: Describes the cold climate of the Ladakh desert.
• Riverine: Describes the specific nature of communities located near water in the northeast.
• Invaluable: Describes the extremely high importance of the GDS role.
• Interior: Specifies that the delivery areas are deep within the country or remote.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
• Are: Simple Present linking geographical regions to GDS territory.
• Is: Simple Present stating the quality of their role.
• Deliver: Simple Present showing the habitual action of the workers.
• Explains: Simple Present used to attribute the quote to the Postmaster-General.
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
• Often: Adverb of frequency showing that these areas are frequently hard to reach.
• By foot: Adverbial phrase of manner describing how the postmen travel.

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Unlike the British postal system set up in India to relay company dak between administrative centres, after independence, the mandate of India Post was to bring the entire population within the mailing ambit. Compared to 25,000 post offices in 1947, today we have about more than a lakh and a half post offices throughout the country.
Hindi Translationभारत में ब्रिटिश डाक प्रणाली के विपरीत, जिसे प्रशासनिक केंद्रों के बीच कंपनी की डाक पहुँचाने के लिए स्थापित किया गया था, लेकिन स्वतंत्रता के बाद, भारतीय डाक का लक्ष्य पूरी आबादी को डाक सेवा के दायरे में लाना था। 1947 में 25,000 डाकघरों की तुलना में, आज देश भर में डेढ़ लाख से अधिक डाकघर हैं।

Word Meanings• Relay: पहुँचाना/प्रसारित करना (To receive and pass on information or messages)
• Administrative centres: प्रशासनिक केंद्र (Places from which a country or organization is managed)
• Mandate: शासनादेश/अधिकार पत्र (An official order or commission to do something)
• Ambit: सीमा/दायरा (The scope, extent, or bounds of something)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses the Simple Past tense (“set up,” “was”) to describe the historical origins and initial purpose of the postal system. It shifts to the Simple Present tense (“have”) to compare those historical figures with the current scale of the network.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
• British: Describes the origin of the postal system before independence.
• Administrative: Specifies the type of centers used by the East India Company.
• Entire: Emphasizes that the goal was to include every person in the country.
• Mailing: Describes the specific type of reach or “ambit” being discussed.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
• Relay: Used in the infinitive “to relay” to show the original purpose of the British system.
• Bring: Used in the infinitive “to bring” to show the new post-independence goal.
• Have: Simple Present showing the current number of post offices.
• Compared: Past participle used to introduce a relationship between two different time periods.
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
• Unlike: Used to show a contrast between the British system and the modern Indian system.
• Today: Adverb of time indicating the current era.
• Throughout: Prepositional adverb showing the geographical spread across the entire country.

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Through the GDS, India Post has also been able to reach rural depositors, who entrust their monthly savings to the post office in their area. Every post office in the country has many operational accounts of the people which reflects their trust in the postal system.
Hindi Translationजीडीएस के माध्यम से, इंडिया पोस्ट ग्रामीण जमाकर्ताओं तक भी पहुँचने में सक्षम हुआ है, जो अपनी मासिक बचत अपने क्षेत्र के डाकघर को सौंपते हैं। देश के हर डाकघर में लोगों के कई सक्रिय खाते हैं जो डाक प्रणाली में उनके विश्वास को दर्शाते हैं।

Word Meanings• Depositors: जमाकर्ता (People who keep money in a bank or post office account)
• Entrust: सौंपना/विश्वास करना (To assign the responsibility for doing something to someone)
• Operational: परिचालन/सक्रिय (In use or ready for use; active accounts)
• Reflects: दर्शाता है (To show, express, or be a sign of something)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses the Present Perfect tense (“has been able”) to show an ongoing capability that started in the past. It also uses the Simple Present tense (“entrust,” “has,” “reflects”) to describe the current and permanent state of trust between the public and the postal system.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
• Rural: Describes the depositors living in villages or countryside areas.
• Monthly: Describes the frequency of the savings being deposited.
• Operational: Describes the accounts as being active and in use.
• Postal: Specifies the system being discussed.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
• Reach: Used in the infinitive “to reach” to show the goal achieved by the GDS.
• Entrust: Simple Present showing the habitual act of giving money for safekeeping.
• Has: Simple Present indicating possession or existence of accounts.
• Reflects: Simple Present showing how the existence of accounts serves as evidence of trust.
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
• Also: Indicates that reaching depositors is an additional achievement of the GDS.

—————-

The essential criterion for GDS selection is access to another means of livelihood. They are required to work only five hours in a day and are also allowed to serve after the age of 60, till the age of 65. All this is so that they can be paid a salary to enable them to have an assured income. The salary of regular postmen gets revised as the other government employees. “Only by applying such different conditions could we retain a large workforce of Gramin Dak Sewaks to serve remote outposts,” explains a postmaster.
Hindi Translationजीडीएस चयन की आवश्यक शर्त यह है कि उनके पास आजीविका का कोई अन्य साधन हो। उन्हें प्रतिदिन केवल पाँच घंटे काम करना होता है और उन्हें 60 वर्ष की आयु के बाद भी 65 वर्ष तक सेवा करने की अनुमति है। यह सब इसलिए है ताकि उन्हें वेतन दिया जा सके और उनकी सुनिश्चित आय हो सके। नियमित डाकियों के वेतन में अन्य सरकारी कर्मचारियों की तरह संशोधन होता है। एक पोस्टमास्टर बताते हैं, “ऐसी अलग-अलग शर्तें लागू करके ही हम दूरदराज के चौकियों पर सेवा देने के लिए ग्रामीण डाक सेवकों का बड़ा कार्यबल बनाए रख सके।”

Word Meanings• Criterion: मानदंड/कसौटी (A principle or standard by which something may be judged or decided)
• Livelihood: आजीविका/रोजी-रोटी (A means of securing the necessities of life)
• Assured: सुनिश्चित (Guaranteed or certain to happen)
• Retain: बनाए रखना/रोकना (To continue to have something; to keep in service)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses the Simple Present tense (is, are, gets, explains) to describe the current rules and procedures of the GDS system. It also uses the infinitive “to enable” and “to serve” to express the purpose behind these specific employment conditions.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
• Essential: Describes the most important requirement for selection.
• Another: Specifies that the GDS must have a different source of income.
• Regular: Distinguishes full-time postmen from the Gramin Dak Sewaks.
• Different: Describes the unique conditions applied to this specific workforce.
• Large: Indicates the scale of the GDS population.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
• Is: Simple Present linking the criterion to the requirement.
• Required: Simple Present (passive) showing the obligation to work specific hours.
• Allowed: Simple Present (passive) showing the permission to work until age 65.
• Gets: Simple Present describing the habitual process of salary updates.
• Retain: Used in the infinitive to show the goal of keeping the workers in their positions.
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
• Only: Used to limit the work hours and the specific method used to keep the workforce.
• Also: Indicates an additional rule regarding the age limit.

—————-

Khetaram’s appointment more than a decade ago gave him a new lease of life. “Akaal or famine is a way of life here. In a good year, I get one crop of bajra. That cannot feed my family of five. We would starve without this job,” he says. And for each family which resides in this arid land, survival is partly dependent on money orders remitted by a relative.
Hindi Translationएक दशक से अधिक समय पहले खेताराम की नियुक्ति ने उन्हें जीवन का एक नया अवसर दिया। वे कहते हैं, “अकाल यहाँ जीवन का एक हिस्सा है। एक अच्छे वर्ष में मुझे बाजरे की एक फसल मिलती है। वह मेरे पाँच लोगों के परिवार का पेट नहीं भर सकती। इस नौकरी के बिना हम भूखे मर जाते।” और इस शुष्क भूमि में रहने वाले प्रत्येक परिवार का अस्तित्व आंशिक रूप से किसी रिश्तेदार द्वारा भेजे गए मनीऑर्डर पर निर्भर है।

Word Meanings• Lease of life: नया जीवनदान (A chance to continue living or to become successful or popular again)
• Famine: अकाल (Extreme scarcity of food)
• Starve: भूखा मरना (To suffer severely or die from hunger)
• Arid: शुष्क/बंजर (Having little or no rain; too dry or barren to support vegetation)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses the Simple Past tense (“gave”) to describe the initial impact of his hiring. It then shifts to the Simple Present tense (“is,” “get,” “says,” “resides”) to emphasize the harsh, ongoing reality of life in the desert.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
• New: Describes the fresh opportunity or “lease” on life Khetaram received.
• Good: Describes a rare year when rainfall allows for a crop.
• Arid: Describes the dry and difficult nature of the land.
• Dependent: Describes the reliance of families on external financial help.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
• Gave: Simple Past showing the historical start of his career.
• Feed: Simple Present (with “cannot”) showing the inability of the crop to sustain the family.
• Starve: Simple Present (with “would”) showing the certain result if the job didn’t exist.
• Resides: Simple Present describing the act of living in that specific area.
• Remitted: Past Participle used as an adjective to describe the money being sent.
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
• More than: Comparative phrase used to describe the duration of time (a decade).
• Partly: Adverb of degree showing that survival depends on multiple factors, money orders being one.

—————-

When writing about the social significance of the money order in his book, Story of the Indian Post Office, Mulk Raj Anand says, “In no other country a person in remote villages is so dependent on the post office for transmission of small sums of money … It reflects the absolute confidence which most Indians place in the post office.” In fact, a few years ago, a scheme to scrap the GDS and transfer the job to patwaris (village record keepers) was proposed and summarily rejected. “We knew they would not be able to do the job,” says Budh Singh, a village elder.
Hindi Translationअपनी पुस्तक, स्टोरी ऑफ द इंडियन पोस्ट ऑफिस में मनीऑर्डर के सामाजिक महत्व के बारे में लिखते हुए मुल्क राज आनंद कहते हैं कि किसी अन्य देश में दूरदराज के गाँवों का व्यक्ति छोटी-छोटी धनराशि भेजने के लिए डाकघर पर इतना निर्भर नहीं है — यह उस पूर्ण विश्वास को दर्शाता है जो अधिकांश भारतीय डाकघर पर रखते हैं। वास्तव में, कुछ साल पहले जीडीएस को समाप्त करके यह काम पटवारियों (गाँव के रिकॉर्ड रखने वालों) को सौंपने की एक योजना प्रस्तावित हुई थी, जिसे तुरंत अस्वीकार कर दिया गया। गाँव के बुजुर्ग बुध सिंह कहते हैं, “हम जानते थे कि वे यह काम नहीं कर पाएंगे।”

Word Meanings• Social significance: सामाजिक महत्व (The importance or value of something to a society or community)
• Transmission: प्रेषण/हस्तांतरण (The action or process of sending or moving something from one place to another)
• Absolute confidence: पूर्ण विश्वास (Total trust or faith in something or someone)
• Scrap: रद्द करना/खत्म करना (To discard or get rid of something that is no longer useful or wanted)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses the Simple Present tense (says, reflects, place) to discuss Mulk Raj Anand’s observations and general public sentiment. It also uses the Simple Past (was proposed, was rejected, knew) to describe the historical attempt to change the postal system.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
Social: Specifies the type of significance related to the community.
Remote: Describes the distant and isolated nature of the villages.
Small: Describes the nature of the money sums being sent.
Absolute: Describes the total and complete nature of the people’s trust.
Summarily: (Used here as an adverbial adjective) describing the quick rejection of the proposal.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
Dependent: (Adjective used with “is”) showing the reliance of villagers on the post office.
Reflects: Simple Present showing how the system acts as a mirror of public trust.
Scrap: Used as an infinitive “to scrap” to show the intent of the failed scheme.
Rejected: Simple Past (passive) showing the final outcome of the proposal.
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
In no other: Comparative phrase used to emphasize the uniqueness of the Indian situation.
In fact: Used as a transition to introduce a supporting real-life example.
Summarily: Describes the quick and decisive manner in which the scheme was dismissed.

—————-

Such aspects of trust make Khetaram a warmly received man. He can dwell on any threshold, read out letters and write replies in his slightly shaky hand. Everyone feels comfortable asking him to read the letters and draft the replies.
“People are kind to me; the BSF always gives me a lift. Since their camp came here last year, when I distribute their dak, I get a cup of tea.” In the village, a piece of jaggery is all that can be offered when he brings news of a birth or weddings.
Hindi Translationविश्वास के ये पहलू खेतराम को एक ऐसा व्यक्ति बनाते हैं जिसका हर कोई स्वागत करता है। वे किसी भी दहलीज पर रुक सकते हैं, पत्र पढ़ सकते हैं और अपने थोड़े काँपते हाथों से जवाब लिख सकते हैं। हर कोई उनसे पत्र पढ़वाने और जवाब लिखवाने में सहज महसूस करता है।
“लोग मेरे प्रति दयालु हैं; बीएसएफ हमेशा मुझे लिफ्ट देती है। जब से उनका कैंप यहाँ पिछले साल आया है, जब मैं उनका डाक पहुँचाता हूँ, तो मुझे एक कप मिल जाती है।” गाँव में, जब वे किसी जन्म या शादी की खबर लाते हैं, तो उन्हें भेंट के रूप में गुड़ का एक टुकड़ा ही दिया जा पाता है।

Word Meanings• Dwell: ठहरना/रुकना (To live in or at a specified place; to linger)
• Threshold: दहलीज (A strip of wood or stone forming the bottom of a doorway)
• Shaky hand: कांपते हाथ (Trembling or unsteady handwriting)
• Draft: मसौदा तैयार करना (To write the first version of a letter or document)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses the Simple Present tense (make, can, feel, are, gives) to describe the daily interactions and the deep-rooted trust in the village. It also uses the Present Continuous (“asking”) to show the ongoing habit of the villagers seeking help.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
• Warmly received: Describes how Khetaram is welcomed with kindness and respect.
• Shaky: Describes the physical quality of his handwriting, likely due to age or effort.
• Comfortable: Describes the emotional state of the villagers around him.
• Kind: Describes the nature of the people toward the postman.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
• Dwell: Simple Present showing he is allowed to linger at people’s homes.
• Read out: Phrasal verb showing the action of speaking the written words.
• Draft: Simple Present showing the act of composing replies.
• Distribute: Simple Present showing his official duty with the “dak.”
• Offered: Past Participle (passive) describing what is given as a gesture of thanks.
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
• Slightly: Adverb of degree modifying “shaky.”
• Always: Adverb of frequency showing the consistent help from the BSF.
• When: Adverb of time linking the delivery of news to the gift of jaggery.

—————-

There is one letter delivery he dreads. The envelope with the right corner torn off, which signifies that the missive bears news of death. “Ashubh Samachar cannot be carried into the house,” says Khetaram. So, he stands outside, reads out the letter twice, then tears it to bits. “Bad news must be destroyed,” he mutters philosophically.
Hindi Translationएक ऐसी भी चिट्ठी है जिसे पहुँचाने से वे डरते हैं। वह लिफाफा जिसका दायाँ कोना फटा हो, जो यह संकेत देता है कि पत्र में मृत्यु की सूचना है। खेताराम कहते हैं, “अशुभ समाचार घर के अंदर नहीं ले जाया जा सकता।” इसलिए, वे बाहर खड़े होकर पत्र को दो बार पढ़ते हैं, फिर उसे टुकड़े-टुकड़े कर देते हैं। वे दार्शनिक भाव से बड़बड़ाते हैं, “बुरी खबरों को नष्ट कर देना चाहिए।”

Word Meanings• Dreads: डरना (To anticipate with great apprehension or fear)
• Signifies: संकेत देना (To be a sign or symbol of something; to mean)
• Missive: पत्र/संदेश (A long or official letter)
• Philosophically: दार्शनिक रूप से (In a way that shows a calm attitude toward difficult situations)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses the Simple Present tense (dreads, signifies, says, stands, tears) to describe a recurring ritual or belief. It also uses the Modal Verb “must” (must be destroyed) to express a strong necessity or obligation based on traditional beliefs.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
Torn: Past Participle used to describe the state of the envelope’s corner.
Inauspicious / Ashubh: Describes news that is considered unlucky or bad.
Philosophical: Describes Khetaram’s calm and wise manner of speaking.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
Dreads: Simple Present showing his emotional reaction to certain letters.
Signifies: Simple Present explaining what the torn corner represents.
Carried: Past Participle (passive) used to show what is forbidden inside the house.
Stands: Simple Present showing his physical position during the ritual.
Destroyed: Past Participle (passive) used with “must be” to show the required action.
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
Outside: Adverb of place showing where he remains to keep the “bad luck” away from the home.
Twice: Adverb of number showing how many times he reads the letter for clarity.
Philosophically: Adverb of manner describing how he speaks.

—————-

Today, after more than a decade and a half of bearing words across this desolate geography, Khetaram says his spine is strong. “I am grateful that as a Gramin Dak Sewak, I can serve the people even after 60.” He is waiting for the arrival of phone lines, now only 50 km away, for then he might become Gramin Sanchar Sewak, when his duty will entail carrying a cell phone and the post, from home to home. “Main tayyar hoon” (I’m ready), he says, before striding off with his sack on his shoulder to deliver Panna Devi’s dak before sundown.
People like Khetaram are a part and parcel of our social fabric, and are a great support! Our salute to all the people like Khetaram!
Hindi Translationआज, इस वीरान इलाके में डेढ़ दशक से अधिक समय तक शब्दों को ढोने के बाद, खेताराम कहते हैं कि उनकी रीढ़ अभी भी मजबूत है। “मैं आभारी हूँ कि ग्रामीण डाक सेवक के रूप में, मैं 60 के बाद भी लोगों की सेवा कर सकता हूँ।” वे फोन लाइनों के आने का इंतजार कर रहे हैं, जो अब केवल 50 किमी दूर हैं, क्योंकि तब वे ग्रामीण संचार सेवक बन सकते हैं, जब उनका कर्तव्य घर-घर सेल फोन और डाक ले जाना होगा। “मैं तैयार हूँ,” वे कहते हैं, और फिर सूर्यास्त से पहले पन्ना देवी का डाक पहुँचाने के लिए अपने कंधे पर थैला लेकर लंबे-लंबे कदमों से चल पड़ते हैं।
खेताराम जैसे लोग हमारे सामाजिक ताने-बाने का एक अभिन्न हिस्सा हैं, और एक महान आधार हैं! खेताराम जैसे सभी लोगों को हमारा सलाम!

Word Meanings• Desolate: उजाड़/निर्जन (A place that is empty, lonely, and without people)
• Entail: आवश्यक होना/शामिल होना (To involve something as a necessary or inevitable part or consequence)
• Striding off: लंबे डग भरते हुए निकलना (Walking with long, decisive steps in a specified direction)
• Sack: थैला/बोरा (A large bag made of strong material like burlap or thick paper)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses the Simple Present tense (says, is, is waiting, says) to describe Khetaram’s current mindset and physical state. It also uses the Future tense (“will entail,” “might become”) to express his anticipation of technological changes and his new potential role.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
• Strong: Describes the condition of his spine despite years of heavy lifting.
• Desolate: Describes the harsh and empty nature of the desert landscape.
• Grateful: Describes his positive emotional state regarding his job.
• Ready / Tayyar: Describes his willingness to adapt to future changes.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
• Bearing: Present Participle describing the act of carrying words/messages.
• Serve: Simple Present used to express his ability to help the community.
• Waiting: Present Continuous showing his ongoing expectation for the phone lines.
• Entail: Simple Present showing what his future duty would involve.
• Striding off: Present Participle describing his confident way of walking away.
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
• Even: Used to emphasize that he can still work past the typical retirement age.
• Now: Adverb of time showing how close the phone lines have currently reached.
• Only: Limits the distance to just 50 km.
• Before: Adverb of time marking the deadline for his delivery.

Kaveri Chapter 7 Poem – Hindi Translation

Reading for Appreciation

If words could satisfy the heart,
The heart might find less care;
But words, like summer birds, depart,
And leave but empty air.
Hindi Translationयदि शब्द हृदय को संतुष्ट कर सकते,
तो हृदय को कम चिंता होती;
पर शब्द, ग्रीष्म के पक्षियों की तरह, उड़ जाते हैं,
और पीछे छोड़ जाते हैं केवल खाली हवा।

Word Meanings• Satisfy: संतुष्ट करना (To meet the expectations, needs, or desires of someone)
• Care: चिंता/फिक्र (Serious attention or consideration applied to doing something correctly; here, it means worry or grief)
• Depart: प्रस्थान करना/चले जाना (To leave, typically in order to start a journey)
• Empty air: शून्य/खालीपन (Nothingness; the absence of anything substantial)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses the Subjunctive mood (“If words could,” “heart might”) to explore a hypothetical situation—something that is not currently true. It also uses a Simile (“like summer birds”) to compare the temporary nature of words to birds that fly away when the season changes.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
• Less: A comparative adjective used to describe a reduced amount of worry.
• Summer: Describes the specific type of birds that are migratory and temporary.
• Empty: Describes the “air” or the feeling left behind as having no substance.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
• Satisfy: Used in a conditional sense (could satisfy).
• Find: Used to show the potential result for the heart (might find).
• Depart: Simple Present showing the habitual action of birds (and words) leaving.
• Leave: Simple Present showing the final result of their departure.
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
• But: Used here as an adverb meaning “only” (leave only empty air).

—————-

The heart, a pilgrim upon earth,
Finds often, when it needs,
That words are of as little worth
As just so many weeds.
Hindi Translationहृदय, धरती पर एक तीर्थयात्री है,
अक्सर पाता है, जब उसे जरूरत होती है,
कि शब्दों का उतना ही मूल्य है
जितना कि कुछ खरपतवारों का।

Word Meanings• Pilgrim: तीर्थयात्री (A person who journeys to a sacred place for religious reasons; here, a metaphor for a soul traveling through life)
• Needs: आवश्यकता/ज़रूरत (A time of distress or requirement for support)
• Worth: मूल्य/महत्व (The value or importance of something)
• Weeds: जंगली घास/खरपतवार (Wild plants growing where they are not wanted; often considered useless)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses the Simple Present tense (is, finds, needs, are) to state a universal truth about the human experience. It employs a Simile (“As just so many weeds”) to compare the low value of empty words to common, unwanted plants.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
• Little: Describes the minimal value or importance of words in times of real need.
• Many: Emphasizes the abundance of these “useless” words/weeds.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
• Finds: Simple Present showing the heart’s discovery of the truth during its journey.
• Needs: Simple Present indicating a state of wanting or requiring comfort.
• Are: Simple Present linking “words” to their lack of “worth.”
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
• Often: Adverb of frequency showing that this realization happens repeatedly.
• When: Adverb of time specifying the exact moment the heart realizes the worthlessness of words.
• Just: Used for emphasis to show how truly common and insignificant the words are.

—————-

A little said, and truly said,
Can deeper joy impart
Than hosts of words, which reach the head,
But never touch the heart.
Hindi Translationथोड़ा कहा, और सच्चाई से कहा,
गहरी खुशी दे सकता है
शब्दों की भीड़ से कहीं अधिक, जो केवल मस्तिष्क तक पहुँचती है,
पर कभी हृदय को नहीं छूती।

Word Meanings• Truly said: ईमानदारी से कहा गया (Spoken with sincerity, honesty, or genuine feeling)
• Impart: प्रदान करना/देना (To communicate information; to give a quality or feeling)
• Hosts: बड़ी संख्या (A large number of people or things; a great multitude)
• Reach the head: बुद्धि तक पहुँचना (To be understood intellectually but not felt emotionally)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses the Simple Present tense (can, impart, reach, touch) to express a timeless moral principle. It uses a Contrast (Comparison) between “a little said” and “hosts of words” to highlight the difference between quality and quantity in communication.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
• Little: Describes the small amount of speech that is actually necessary.
• Truly: (Adverbial use) describes the sincere quality of the speech.
• Deeper: Comparative adjective showing that sincere words provide more joy than many empty ones.
• Empty / Vain: (Implied) describing the “hosts of words” that fail to connect.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
• Said: Past Participle used to describe the nature of the words spoken.
• Impart: Used with the modal “can” to show the potential of sincere words to give joy.
• Reach: Simple Present showing that complex words often only stay at the level of the mind.
• Touch: Simple Present (with “never”) showing the failure of insincere words to affect the soul.
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
• Truly: Describes the manner in which the words are spoken.
• Never: Adverb of frequency used to emphasize the absolute lack of emotional impact.

—————-

The voice that wins its sunny way,
A lonely home to cheer,
Hath oft the fewest words to say;
But, oh! those few, how dear!
Hindi Translationवह आवाज जो अपना उज्ज्वल मार्ग बनाती है,
किसी एकाकी घर को खुश करने के लिए,
अक्सर सबसे कम शब्द कहती है;
पर, ओह! वे थोड़े शब्द, कितने प्रिय होते हैं!

Word Meanings• Sunny way: सुखद मार्ग (A bright, cheerful, or optimistic path or manner)
• Cheer: खुश करना/ढांढस बंधाना (To make someone feel happier or more hopeful)
• Hath: पुराना शब्द “Has” के लिए (An archaic/old English form of “has”)
• Fewest: सबसे कम (The smallest number; superlative of “few”)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses the Simple Present tense (wins, hath, say) to describe the lasting power of a kind voice. It uses an Exclamatory structure (“But, oh! those few, how dear!”) to emphasize the deep emotional value and intensity of those few sincere words.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
• Sunny: Describes the voice as something that brings light and warmth like the sun.
• Lonely: Describes the home as a place lacking companionship or joy before the voice arrives.
• Fewest: A superlative adjective highlighting that quantity is not important for impact.
• Dear: Describes the quality of the words as being extremely precious to the listener.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
• Wins: Simple Present showing how a kind voice successfully finds its way into someone’s heart.
• Cheer: Used in the infinitive “to cheer” to show the purpose of the visit.
• Hath (Has): Simple Present indicating that the most effective person possesses very few words.
• Say: Used in the infinitive “to say” to describe the act of speaking.
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
• Oft: Adverb of frequency showing that this is a common occurrence in life.
• How: Used as an intensifier in the exclamation to show the degree of “dearness.”

—————-

If words could satisfy the chest,
The world might hold a feast;
But words, when summoned to the test,
Oft satisfy the least!
Hindi Translationयदि शब्द हृदय को संतुष्ट कर सकते,
तो संसार एक उत्सव मना सकता था;
पर शब्द, जब परीक्षा के लिए बुलाए जाते हैं,
तो अक्सर सबसे कम संतुष्ट करते हैं!

Word Meanings• Satisfy: तृप्त करना/संतोष देना (To fulfill a need or desire; to make content)
• Feast: दावत/उत्सव (A large meal, typically a celebratory one; a situation of great abundance)
• Summoned: बुलाया गया/पुकारा गया (Called upon or commanded to appear/act)
• The least: सबसे कम (The smallest amount or degree)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses the Subjunctive mood (“If words could,” “world might”) to imagine a world where words have the power to actually provide physical or emotional substance. It then shifts to a conditional reality to show that when words are actually needed (the test), they often fail to deliver.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
• Least: A superlative adjective used to show that words have the lowest possible value when action is required.
• Summoned: (Past Participle used as an adjective) describing words that have been called to prove themselves.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
• Satisfy: Used twice; once as a possibility (could satisfy) and once as a disappointing reality (satisfy the least).
• Hold: Used with “might” to show the potential for abundance if words were “real.”
• Summoned: Describes the act of challenging words to prove their worth.
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
• Oft: (Poetic/Old English) Adverb of frequency showing that words regularly fail to meet expectations.
• When: Adverb of time specifying the moment of testing.

—————-

Like plants that make a gaudy show,
All blossom to the root;
But whose poor nature cannot grow,
One particle of fruit!
Hindi Translationउन पौधों की तरह जो दिखावटी रूप से खिलते हैं,
जड़ तक सब फूल ही फूल;
पर जिनकी दुर्बल प्रकृति उगा नहीं सकती,
फल का एक कण भी!

Word Meanings• Gaudy show: भड़कीला प्रदर्शन (Something that is bright and showy but often tasteless or cheap)
• Blossom: फूल/खिलना (The state of a flower; or the act of producing flowers)
• Poor nature: कमजोर स्वभाव (Refers here to a lack of inner strength or substance; barren)
• Particle: कण/तिनका (A minute portion of matter; the smallest possible amount)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses a Simile (“Like plants”) to compare people who use many words to plants that look beautiful on the outside but are useless. It uses the Simple Present tense (make, cannot grow) to describe the permanent characteristics of such “hollow” individuals.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
• Gaudy: Describes a display that is too bright or flashy, lacking real value.
• Poor: Describes the “nature” of the plant (or person) as being weak, unproductive, or lacking quality.
• One: Specifies that not even a single small piece of fruit is produced.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
• Make: Simple Present showing the habitual act of putting on a show.
• Blossom: Used here to show that the plant is entirely covered in flowers, leaving no room for anything else.
• Grow: Used with “cannot” to show the inability to produce something useful.
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
• Like: Used to establish the comparison between the plants and people who talk too much.

—————-

WEIGH YOUR WORDS (Poem by E. F. Hayward)

If we would “weigh” the words we say,
And speak but those we mean,
We’d save a lot of talk each day,
And keep our conscience clean.
Hindi Translationयदि हम अपने कहे शब्दों को “तोलते”,
और केवल वही बोलते जो हम सोचते हैं,
तो हम प्रतिदिन बहुत सी बातें बचाते,
और अपनी अंतरात्मा को स्वच्छ रखते।

Word Meanings• Weigh: तौलना/विचार करना (To carefully consider or assess the importance or consequence of something)
• Mean: अर्थ होना/मतलब रखना (To intend to convey or refer to; to be sincere about)
• Conscience: अंतरात्मा/ज़मीर (A person’s moral sense of right and wrong)
• Clean: साफ़/निष्कलंक (Free from guilt or wrongdoing)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses the Conditional mood (“If we would,” “We’d save”) to present a hypothetical change in behavior and its positive result. It uses a Metaphor (“weigh the words”) to compare the act of speaking to measuring physical objects for their true value.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
• A lot of: Describes the large, unnecessary amount of talk we currently engage in.
• Each: Specifies that this is a daily, recurring opportunity for improvement.
• Clean: Describes the state of the “conscience” when words match one’s true intentions.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
• Weigh: Used to suggest the deliberate act of evaluating one’s thoughts before speaking.
• Speak: Used to describe the selective act of only vocalizing sincere thoughts.
• Mean: Simple Present indicating the sincerity behind the words.
• Save: Used with “would” to show the benefit of being concise.
• Keep: Used with “would” to show the result of maintaining moral integrity.
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
• But: Used here to mean “only” (speak only those we mean).

—————-

The idle words we often speak,
And promises we make,
If given credence, by the weak,
May cause some heart to ache.
Hindi Translationबेकार शब्द जो हम अक्सर बोलते हैं,
और वादे जो हम करते हैं,
यदि कमजोर लोग उन पर विश्वास करें,
तो वे किसी हृदय की पीड़ा का कारण बन सकते हैं।

Word Meanings• Idle: निरर्थक/बेकार (Lazy, pointless, or having no real purpose or foundation)
• Promises: वादे (Declarations or assurances that one will do a particular thing)
• Credence: विश्वास/मान्यता (Belief in or acceptance of something as true)
• Ache: दर्द होना/दुखना (To suffer from a continuous dull pain; here, it refers to emotional heartbreak)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses the Simple Present tense (speak, make) to describe common human habits. It uses a Conditional structure (“If given credence”) to show the potential consequence of those actions when they affect others.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
• Idle: Describes words as being empty and lacking any serious intent.
• Weak: Used as a noun phrase (“the weak”) to describe vulnerable people who rely on others’ words.
• Some: An indefinite adjective referring to any heart that might be affected.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
• Speak: Simple Present showing the habitual nature of talking without thinking.
• Make: Simple Present describing the act of giving assurances or promises.
• Given: Past Participle used in a passive conditional sense (if those words are believed).
• Cause: Used with the modal “may” to show the possibility of creating pain.
• Ache: Used to describe the emotional result of broken trust.
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
• Often: Adverb of frequency showing that thoughtless speech is a common mistake.

—————-

We never know the pain and sting
An idle word may start;
We never can erase one thing,
We’ve written on a heart.
Hindi Translationहम कभी नहीं जानते वह दर्द और चुभन
जो एक बेकार शब्द शुरू कर सकता है;
हम कभी नहीं मिटा सकते वह बात,
जो हमने किसी के दिल पर लिख दी हो।

Word Meanings• Sting: चुभन/डंक (A sharp tingling or burning pain; here, the lasting hurt caused by words)
• Idle word: व्यर्थ शब्द (Empty, thoughtless, or gossip-filled talk)
• Erase: मिटाना (To rub out or remove something written or engraved)
• Written on a heart: हृदय पर अंकित (A metaphor for making a deep, lasting emotional impression on someone)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses the Simple Present tense (“know,” “is”) and the Modal Verbs “may” and “can” to express the unpredictable and permanent nature of our influence on others. It employs a powerful Metaphor of “writing on a heart” to emphasize that emotional impact is as difficult to undo as ink on paper.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
Idle: Describes words spoken without thought or serious purpose.
One: A numerical adjective used to emphasize that even a single mistake can be permanent.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
Know: Simple Present showing our frequent lack of awareness regarding the consequences of our speech.
Start: Used with “may” to show the potential for a small word to trigger a large amount of pain.
Erase: Used with “can” (in the negative “never can”) to highlight the impossibility of taking back a hurtful action.
Written: Past Participle used in the Present Perfect (“We’ve written”) to describe a completed action that has lasting effects.
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
Never: Adverb of frequency used twice for strong emphasis, showing that these consequences are absolute and unavoidable.

—————-

‘Tis best to “weigh” each sentence well,
And as I’ve said before,
Tho’ we’d not have so much to tell,
‘Twould mean a whole lot more.
Hindi Translationहर वाक्य को अच्छी तरह “तौलना” सबसे अच्छा है,
और जैसा मैंने पहले कहा है,
भले ही हमारे पास कहने के लिए इतना न हो,
पर उसका अर्थ बहुत अधिक होगा।

Word Meanings• ‘Tis: यह है (A contraction of “It is,” commonly used in older poetry)
• Tho’: हालांकि (A shortened form of “Though”)
• Weigh: तौलना / सोचना (To carefully consider the value or impact of words before speaking)
• Whole lot more: बहुत अधिक (Significantly greater in value or importance)

Grammar AnalysisThe paragraph uses the Conditional mood (“we’d not have,” “‘twould mean”) to conclude the poem’s lesson on the value of quality over quantity. It utilizes archaic contractions (‘Tis, Tho’, ‘Twould) which were common in traditional English verse to maintain the rhythmic meter.
► Adjectives (Describing Words)
• Best: A superlative adjective used to state the most ideal way to communicate.
• Much: Describes the large volume of unnecessary talk that would be reduced.
• Whole: Used as an intensifier for “lot more” to emphasize the massive increase in meaning.
► Verbs (Action/State Words)
• Weigh: Used in the infinitive “to weigh” as the primary piece of advice in the poem.
• Said: Past Participle used in the Present Perfect (“I’ve said”) to refer back to the speaker’s previous points.
• Tell: Simple Present used to describe the act of sharing information or stories.
• Mean: Simple Present used to describe the underlying value or significance.
► Adverbs (How/When/Where)
• Well: Describes the thorough and careful manner in which sentences should be “weighed.”
• Before: Adverb of time indicating that this is a repeated or reinforced lesson.
• So: Used to intensify the amount of talk being discussed.

Kaveri Chapter 7 Summary in English and Hindi:

“Carrier of Words” tells the inspiring story of Khetaram, a Gramin Dak Sewak (GDS) who delivers mail in the remote villages of Rajasthan’s Thar Desert, just 2.5 km from the Indo-Pakistan border. He is the sole postman of the Somarad Branch Post Office and has been serving the area for over 15 years.Khetaram walks 20 km on foot to deliver even a single letter, crossing soft sand dunes where even bicycles cannot move. He works in temperatures exceeding 50°C, through sandstorms and scorching winds. His only protection is his khaki turban and uniform.Beyond delivering letters, he reads them aloud for villagers and writes their replies. He also carries money orders that serve as lifelines for families in this drought-prone land. The only letter he dreads is one with its right corner torn — signalling a death. He reads it outside the house and destroys it, saying “Bad news must be destroyed.”The chapter also tells us that GDS workers like Khetaram were officially recognised in 2001 and today make up more than 50% of India Post’s workforce. The chapter ends with Khetaram saying “Main tayyar hoon” (I’m ready), eager to take on new responsibilities when phone lines reach his area. The author salutes such unsung heroes of India’s social fabric.
Summary in Hindi“Carrier of Words” (शब्दों का वाहक) एक प्रेरणादायक गद्य रचना है जो खेताराम नामक एक ग्रामीण डाक सेवक (GDS) की कहानी बताती है। यह पाठ खेताराम नामक एक ग्रामीण डाक सेवक की कहानी है जो राजस्थान के थार रेगिस्तान में, भारत-पाकिस्तान सीमा से मात्र 2.5 किमी दूर, डाक पहुँचाते हैं। वे सोमराड शाखा डाकघर के अकेले डाकिया हैं।
खेताराम रोज़ 20 किमी पैदल चलते हैं — रेत के टीलों पर, 50°C की गर्मी में, रेतीले तूफ़ानों के बीच। वे पत्र पढ़कर सुनाते हैं, जवाब लिखते हैं और मनीऑर्डर पहुँचाते हैं जो उन परिवारों की जीवन-रेखा है। जिस पत्र का दाहिना कोना फटा हो — मृत्यु की खबर — उसे वे घर के बाहर पढ़कर नष्ट कर देते हैं।
2001 से इन्हें ग्रामीण डाक सेवक की मान्यता मिली। पाठ के अंत में खेताराम कहते हैं — “मैं तैयार हूँ” — यह उनकी लगन और सेवाभावना को दर्शाता है।

The poem “Words” by Charles Swain reflects on how words often fail to satisfy the true needs of the human heart. The poet compares words to summer birds that come and go, leaving nothing behind. He calls the heart a pilgrim that finds words as useless as weeds in times of genuine need.
The poet believes that a few sincere words bring more joy than many hollow ones. A voice that cheers a lonely home says very little — yet those few words are precious. Using hyperbole, he says if words could truly satisfy, the world would celebrate — but when tested, they satisfy the least. Finally, he compares empty words to plants that blossom but bear no fruit.
The poem’s central message is simple — quality over quantity. Sincere, heartfelt words matter far more than an abundance of meaningless ones.
Summary in Hindiचार्ल्स स्वेन की कविता “Words” शब्दों की सीमाओं पर विचार करती है। कवि कहता है कि शब्द गर्मी के पक्षियों की तरह हैं — आते हैं और चले जाते हैं। दिल एक तीर्थयात्री की तरह है जिसे ज़रूरत के वक्त शब्द खरपतवार जैसे बेकार लगते हैं।
कवि का मानना है कि कम लेकिन सच्चे शब्द, बहुत सारे खोखले शब्दों से बेहतर हैं। खाली शब्द उन पौधों जैसे हैं जो फूलते तो हैं पर फल नहीं देते।
कविता का संदेश है — शब्दों की सच्चाई और गहराई ही उन्हें मूल्यवान बनाती है, न उनकी संख्या।