Judo in Physical Education

Judo originated in Japan. It is the most famous sport in Japan. Judo means ‘The gentle way’. It is a defensive, a spectator sport and also a competitive sport. It is also called modern Japanese martial art.

It came to India by Japanese travellers. Japanese used to practise Judo in a hall which was called Du. Joe.

What are the advantages of Playing Judo?

History of Judo Sports

In Shantiniketan, the practice of Judo was a special feature. Judo Association of India was established in 1964, and first national Judo Championship was organised in 1966. India participated in Judo in the 1986 Asian Games in which India won four bronze medals.

Measurements and specifications of equipments

Specifications	Measurements
Name of playground	Shiajo
Shape of play field	Square
Each side of the platform	30 feet
No. of pieces of mat covering the platform	50
Size of each piece of mat	3′ × ‘6
Officials (referee- 1, Judges- 2, Scorer- 1, recorder- 1)	5
Time duration for bout	5 minutes (men) 4 minutes (women)

Weight categories of Judo

Men	Women
56 kg and less than 56 kg	44 kg and less than 44 kg
60 kg	48 kg
66 kg	52 kg
73 kg	57 kg
81 kg	70 kg
90 kg	78 kg
100 kg and more weight	78 kg and more weight

General Rule

1. Time duration for judo competition (bout) is 5 minutes for men and 4 minutes for women for Olympic and world championships.
2. After progress has been made in throwing techniques a competitor can unhesitatingly take a lying position and in this way become offensive.
3. When competitor falls while adapting throwing technique or takes offensive, and the opponent falls, even then he can take a lying posture.
4. The throwing technique is valid, if the maximum body of his opponent shall remain inside the contesting area.
5. When one or both the competitors are outside the contest area, the use of any technique is reckoned a failure and shall be declared against the rules.
6. Judoco should wear formal dress (Judogi) for competition.
7. Referee may declare a losing judoco as a winner, if he finds that the opponent, Judoco has caused any injury to him/her knowingly.
8. Hitting or holding the opponent by hand is prohibited.
9. A judoco may be discarded off, if he/she does not reach at starting point after three calls made by referee.
10. A Judoco can be declared losing player if he/she is not wearing a neat and clean dress having tidy hair and does not have properly cut nails.
11. One judoco wears red belt and the other wears white belt while competing in the ring.

Terminology

Table- 1

Column-1	Column- 2
Atemi	Striking
Dan	Black belt run
Hidavi	Left
Hiki-wake	No decision
Ippon	Ten points
Koku	3 points
Shiajo	Competition area

Table- 2

Column-1	Column- 2
Mutte	Stop
Wazu-Ori	7 points
Hiji	Elbow
Hiza	Knee
Shiajo	Competition area
Nage	Throw
Tatani	Mat

Important Tournaments

1. World Cup
2. Federation Cup
3. All India Judo Competition
4. International Zic Zee Judo Cup Tournament
5. Asian Games
6. Olympic Games
7. Commonwealth Championships
8. Junior Asian Championships
9. Asian youth Judo Championship